Notes on Speech Context and Types of Communication

Speech Context: Definition

  • Speech context refers to the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background, or setting that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event. (LumenLearning)

  • Context helps establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it is said. (DeVito, 2005)

Major Types of Speech Context

  • Intrapersonal Communication

    • Definition: communication focused on oneself; sender and receiver are the same person; thoughts and feelings processed by the brain.

    • Examples: self-talk, reflection, decision-making processes

  • Interpersonal Communication

    • Definition: communication that creates personal relationships between and among people; typically involves two individuals; can range from casual to formal

    • Examples: conversations, interviews, group discussions

    • Dyad Communication: between two people

  • Small Group Communication

    • Definition: 3–12 people engaged in face-to-face interactions

  • Public Communication

    • Definition: sending a message before a crowd for informative or persuasive purposes

    • Examples: speeches, public lectures, presentations

  • Mass Communication

    • Definition: communication through media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, the internet, etc.

    • Examples: television, radio, newspapers, social media

Verbal and Non-verbal Behavior in a Speech Context

  • Behavior should be appropriate to the specific context

  • Intrapersonal context (talking to yourself):

    • Self-talk is normal and can be used to your advantage; don’t overdo it

  • Interpersonal context (one person or a small group):

    • Listen carefully; check your tone and body language

  • Public context:

    • Behavior should be appropriate for addressing a larger audience (general guidance implied by the materials)