Art & Digital Design - Terms Exam Study Guide

ART & DIGITAL DESIGN - TERMS EXAM STUDY GUIDE

PART 1 - Design and Typography Terms

1. Cap Height:
      - The height of the capital letters in a block of type is called the cap height.

2. Visual Center:
      - The area an image is placed for balance that is slightly above center is known as the visual center.

3. Centering and Balance:
      - When an object is placed directly in the middle of the page, and there is no extra space at the bottom, the object will look off center, and the page will appear to be too heavy at the bottom.
      - True

4. Initial Cap:
      - The letter that is decorative, bold, and larger than others that appears at the beginning of a line of type or a paragraph is called an initial cap.

5. White Space:
      - White space refers to the unused portion of the page where there is no type, photo, or graphic.
      - True

6. Color of White Space:
      - White space can only be white.
      - False

7. Alignment:
      - The style in which lines of type are stacked such as flush left, flush right, justified, or centered, is known as an alignment.

8. Centered Lines:
      - Lines of type that vary in length and fall on the same axis is known as centered.

9. Justified Type:
      - Placing lines of type in a block that are equal in length is known as justified.

10. Greeking and Dummy Text:
        - Greeking, Dummy Latin Text, & Lorem Ipsum refers to random letters and spaces strung together in a line or block to simulate the positioning of type in a layout or mock-up.

11. Dingbats:
        - Symbols and decorative graphics that appear when the letter keys are typed are called dingbats.

12. Typeface vs. Font:
        - A typeface is another word for font.
        - True

13. Leading:
        - The space between baselines or individual lines of type is known as leading.

14. Kerning:
        - Adjusting the space between two letters is known as kerning.

15. Tracking:
        - The space between words in a line of type that can be manipulated to change the line length is called tracking.

16. Size Variation for Visual Appeal:
        - We can create interest, hierarchy, and visual appeal by not having all of our lines of type the same size.
        - True

17. Descender:
        - The part of a letter that goes below the baseline is called a descender.

18. Widow:
        - A widow is a word left by itself on a line at the end of a paragraph in a column.

19. Eliminating Widows:
        - We should eliminate having a word that is all by itself on a line at the end of a type block.
        - True

20. Techniques to Eliminate Widows:
        - What technique can be used to eliminate a word that is all by itself in a type block? Adjust the kerning, adjust the tracking, and reword the copy.
        - Answers: a, b, and c.

21. Primary Colors:
        - There are three primary colors.
        - True.

PART 2 - Color Theory

22. Primary Colors:
        - The primary colors are cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
        - False. (Actual primary colors are red, yellow, blue).

23. Secondary Color:
        - Orange is a secondary color.
        - True.

24. Mixing Colors:
        - What two colors make orange? Magenta and yellow & yellow and red, both a and b.

25. Process Colors:
        - There are five process colors.
        - False.

26. Full Color:
        - Process color is another name for full color.
        - True.

27. Number of Secondary Colors:
        - There are only two secondary colors.
        - False.

28. Full-Color Job Printing:
        - It is not possible to print a full color job in five or six colors.
        - False.

29. Color Vibration:
        - When colors appear to be moving when a warm color and a cool color are juxtaposed in a picture, it is known as color vibration.

30. Warm Color Example:
        - Orange is an example of a warm color.
        - True.

31. Complementary Colors:
        - Where are complementary colors found in relationship to each other on the color wheel? Directly across from each other.

32. Cool Color:
        - Blue is a cool color.
        - True.

33. Neutral Colors:
        - White, cream, brown, and black are all said to be neutral colors.
        - True.

34. Warm Colors in Composition:
        - Warm colors recede or drop back in space.
        - False.

35. Script Typeface:
        - A typeface that most closely relates to cursive writing is called a script.

36. Calligraphy:
        - The art of elegant, decorative handwriting is called calligraphy.

PART 3 - Photography

37. Aperture Definition:
        - It is how the aperture diameter is expressed. Lower number = larger aperture. A larger aperture passes more light through the lens. This statement refers to aperture (f-stop).

38. Aperture-Priority Mode (AV):
        - In the aperture-Priority (AV) mode, you set the desired aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed automatically to suit the subject brightness.

39. Shutter Priority Mode (S):
        - In the shutter priority (S) mode, you set the desired shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture automatically to suit the subject brightness.

40. Shutter Speed:
        - Shutter speed controls how long light is allowed to expose the image, measured in fractions of seconds, typically $rac{1}{4}, rac{1}{8}, rac{1}{125}, rac{1}{250}$.

41. ISO Speed:
        - ISO speed is a rating of a film's sensitivity to light. In digital cameras, it describes the sensitivity of the imaging sensor.

42. Depth-of-Field (Large):
        - Setting the camera to a smaller aperture opening (higher f/number) makes more of the foreground and background fall within acceptable focus; this produces large depth-of-field.

43. Depth-of-Field (Shallow):
        - Setting the camera to a large aperture opening (lower f/number) will result in a blurred background ideal for portraits. This is called shallow depth-of-field.

44. Depth-of-Field Preview:
        - Press the depth-of-field preview button to stop down to the current aperture setting and to preview the picture and check the range of acceptable focus through the viewfinder.

45. LCD Panel:
        - Low-power monitor used to display settings or to show the photo itself are called the LCD Panel.

46. Viewfinder:
        - The opening on a camera through which the picture is framed is called the viewfinder.

47. White Balance (WB):
        - A function on the camera to compensate for different colors of light that is emitted by different light sources is called white balance (WB).

48. Expo Disk:
        - This is used to read medium gray which in turn helps to meter the light properly. Attaching the Expo Disk to the lens of the camera will ensure that you set the custom white balance accurately.

49. Photo Release Form:
        - Models or people being photographed have to sign a photo release form giving permission to use a photographic image of them in publications.

50. Auto Focus (AF):
        - The AF mode is the auto focus operation method.

51. Manual Focus:
        - To focus by turning the lens focusing ring until the subject is in focus in the viewfinder is called manual focus.

52. Contact Sheet:
        - Created in iPhoto, a contact sheet is used to show all your photographs in small thumbnail size.

53. Rule of Thirds:
        - Principle of composition suggesting the most important features of a photograph fall along two imaginary vertical and horizontal lines that separate the height and length into thirds is known as the rule of thirds.

PART 5 - Principles of Design

54. 3D Illusion:
        - Space that appears 3-dimensional in a painting or drawing is an illusion that creates a feeling of depth.

55. Line and Rule:
        - A line and rule is a mark made by a pointed tool (brush, pencil, stick, pen, etc.) with width and length but its width is very thin compared to its length. It is created by the movement of a tool and pigment and often suggests movement in a drawing or printing.

56. Color Dependence:
        - Color depends on light because it is made of light. The whiter the light, the more true colors will be.

57. Shape:
        - Shape is contained within an implied line on a flat surface, or seen because of color or value changes.

58. Texture:
        - Texture refers to surface quality, both simulated and actual, of artwork.

59. Value:
        - Value refers to the darkness and lightness of colors. It can help define shapes and show depth.

60. Form:
        - Form describes volume and mass. It's a 3-dimensional object that takes up space.

61. Principles of Design:
        - The principles of design refer to how design elements are used in art.

62. Elements of Design:
        - The elements of design are the pieces and parts.

63. Non-Photo Blue Lines:
        - Guidelines in artwork prepared for printing that won't print are called non-photo blue lines.

64. Full Page Bleed:
        - Full page bleed/bleed is the term used when a color or picture extends off the edge of a printed page or sheet.

65. Shape vs. Form:
        - Shape is 3-dimensional while form is 2-dimensional or flat on a surface.
        - False.

66. Chiaroscuro:
        - Chiaroscuro is another word for modeling.

67. Hue:
        - The general name of a color is referred to as a hue.

68. Adding Black:
        - Adding black to a pigment will produce a shade.

69. Lightness and Darkness:
        - The lightness and darkness of a color or paint applied to a surface is called both intensity and saturation.

70. Tint:
        - I would add white to a color to make a tint.

71. Subtractive Process:
        - When all colors of pigment are mixed together to make black, the process is known as incremental subtractive process.

72. Additive Process:
        - In color theory, the process of mixing all colors to make white light is known as the additive process.

73. Measurement - Pica:
        - A pica is a unit of measurement.
        - True.

74. Picas in an Inch:
        - There are six picas in an inch.
        - True.

75. E-Scale:
        - A chart that designers often use for measuring type is called an E-scale.

76. Points in An Inch:
        - How many points are in an inch? 72.

77. Scale Ruler:
        - A scale ruler is helpful in designing artwork at a small scale such as a billboard.

78. Reducing Size Example:
        - If an artist wanted to reduce the size of a $5 rac{7}{8}$" x $12 rac{1}{8}$" to 37%, he/she would use a proportion wheel to help find the new dimensions.

79. Grid in Layout:
        - To help layout a page that has unity and a nice composition, an artist may use a grid made of guidelines to position the elements in the design.

80. Logo Design Program:
        - If an artist wanted to produce a logo for a client and needed a vector file to produce vinyl graphics, Adobe Illustrator should be used to produce the logo.

81. Photo Retouching Program:
        - If an artist wanted to retouch a photo and add special effects, Adobe Photoshop should be used.

82. Brochure Layout Program:
        - To layout a brochure with multiple pages to be printed on a press, Adobe InDesign should be used.

83. Image Format for InDesign:
        - If I create an image in Photoshop and want to save it to use in my InDesign document, I should save the image as a TIFF.

84. Saving High Res Document:
        - If I need to save a high-resolution Photoshop document to email to my friend who does not have Photoshop, I could save the image as a JPEG or a PDF to be sure (s)he can open it.

85. JPEG Definition:
        - A JPEG is a low-resolution picture file that most computers/computer programs can view and open.

86. GIF Definition:
        - A GIF is a file format that supports animation. It is great for animated web images, and it can contain several images within the file.