russia
Period 1
Europe and Asia
Eastern Orthodox - Christianity
Mongols
Golden horde
Mongol dominated Russia
Allowed Russians independence because Russians usually played the tribute and Mongols disliked cold foreign weather in Russia
Mongols sack the city of Kyiv which leads to the rise of Moscow
Period 2
Russia was NOT involved in the Renaissance, Age of Exploration, or the protestant reformation
Ivan the III (the Great)
First Russian czar/tzar - ruler
Ends the golden horde and eventually begins expanding Russia's borders from Moscow
Ivan the IV Russian czar who greatly expands the Russian border builds Saint bastards Cathedral
Terrible because he kills many family members and terrorizes Russia with the secret police force and oprichnina
Peter the Great - westernized/modernized
Many Russian European styles
Learns European ways by going on the grand embassy creates Russian navy
Reforms include modernizing the military changing the dress code cutting, men's beards westernizing medication, and building new western capital st petersburg
Period 3
Russia was not involved in the enlightenment industrial revolution and imperialism making them backward and far weaker than most European countries going into the twentieth century
Catherine the II
Russia czarina countries peter ideas
Enlightened despot dictator who allows a small number of enlightenment rights to enter the county
Period 4
Russo-Japanese War 1905 war between Russia and Japan
Japan has just done the Meiji restoration and shocking win which shows Russia's backward ways
Bloody Sunday 1905 Russian protest after the loss to Japan in which people want the czar to implement reforms
Czar responds by allowing the military to open fire on the crowd
World war I
Russia is a member of the allies
Will lose more men than any other countries because their soldiers do not have enough clothing or weapons due to Russia's inability to manufacture these goods
Russian revolution takes them out of the war
Russian Revolution
1917 two revolutions occur
1st is in February 1917 russians revolted against the czar Nicholas II and the war
He's overthrown and replaced by a provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky
kerensky implements some reforms but becomes unpopular because he keeps Russia in world war I
2nd is in October 1917 (bolshevik revolution) Russian communist
Germany send communist leader vladimir lenin into Russia by a special train to overthrow the provisional government and take Russia out of world war I
Lennin goes into Russia and buys weapons with German money and then uses the slogan (peace land and bread)
Wins quickly and establishes the first-ever communist state and renames Russia the soviet union as well gets Russia out of world war 1 by signing the Treaty of Brest-litovsk
This gives Germany and Austria Hungary largest amounts of land in western Russia (Poland)
Russian civil war 1918-1921
Reds (Lennon and communists) whites (noncommunists)
In which Lennon wins and takes total control of the country (kills the czar)
Lennon instituted communist economic policies that fail so he switches over to capitalism with the new economic policy
Joseph Stalin - leader after Lenin who immediately goes about industrialization during the five-year plan successfully self-sufficient Russian heavy industry
Making own modern-day building materials including concrete steel electricity
Although successful negative part includes the death of 2-3 million peasant Russian farmers through starvation called the Holodomor
Stalin also attacks kill or send to the Gulag (Russian labor camp) during the great purges
World war II
Makes a nonaggression pact with Germany in 1939 and simultaneously attacked and divides Poland from them
June 1941 Russia is surprise attacked by nazi Germany in Operation Barbarossa
Stalin forces the mobilization of all Russian people to fight the nazi By 1943 after brutal fighting including the battle of Stalingrad the Russians begin to push toward Germany
In May 1945 Russia invaded Germany and conquered and destroyed Berlin thus ending nazi germany and setting up VE day (victory in Europe Day)
Cold war
Starts when Stalin refuses to give up eastern European countries that are taken from nazi germany during world war II Stalin calls them to buffer states and turns them into satellite nations
Iron Curtain - the imaginary border between East and Western Europe
First tension begins in Berlin when Stalin institutes the Berlin blockade
Forms Warsaw pact in retaliation against NATO
Cold war includes an arms race and space race
Sputnik - Soviet satellite that becomes the first to orbit the earth
The Soviet Union dealt with all Eastern European revolts from the 1940s into the 1970s with brutal military force
1980s soviet union is declining economically the last Soviet leader is Gorbachev Institute…
glasnost - freedom of speech
perestroika - capitalism
By 1991 the soviet union is dissolved and the cold war is over
Globalization
Boris Yeltsin - leader after the soviet union who attempted unsuccessful democracy
Vladimir Putin 1999-present - soviet style dictatorship and is trying to expand Russian land:
Chechnya
Crimea
Ukrainian