IB Global Politics: POWER-
1.what is power?: the ability to influence other groups in politics to achieve out- comes
2.hard power: achieving aims through force
3. hard power and the EU and UK vs Russia: banned seaborne imports of crude oil as it was funding and enabling the invasion of ukraine
4. soft power: achieving aims through persuasion or influence
5. example of soft power- diplomatic negotiations: diplomatic negociations be- tween P5+1 and iran on nuclear weapons
6. con of soft power: consistency and patience is needed
7. pro of soft power: attractive example for states and societies that lack democratic institutions
8. military power: essential for hard power, ultimate means to force
9. measurement of military power: number of soldiers, money spent on self de- fense, GDP spent
10. what kind of states spend a high amount of GDP on self defense: unstable states
11. why is military power not usefull: rise of globalization, soft power, new tech, IGO's, newer means of conflict resolutions
12. military power and and soft power: used for humanitarian objectives
13. military power can =: economic power
14. how can some states use economic power as hard power: sanctions
15. ways to measure economic power: gdp, economic growth %
16. structural power: states push political ideologies and framework
17. example of structural power: cold war
18. relational power: use of relationships to influence and change behavior
19. 3 types of relational power: threats and rewards, controlling the agenda, establishing preferences
20. threats and rewards =: encouragement
21. controlling the agenda =: limitation of voice
22. establishing preferences =: getting them to want the same goals
23. social and cultural power: globalization has made it possible to export re- sources, connection of diverse populations around the world at a human level
24. cyber power: empowering groups at a state and individual level
25. wikileaks: leaked a large volume of US government information
26. resources to measure power: size of armies, economies, populations
27. behavioral outcomes to measure power: effect state has when using its power
28. distribution of power to measure power: looking at world politics as a whole, indicating stability and imbalances
29. realist: world is chaotic, countries must always fight for power to stay safe, countries act in their interests
30. liberals: countries can achieve more by working together, economic and cultural power are as important as military
31. rising powers include: brazil, india, china
32. how is USA a superpower in decline: financial crisis
33. who are increasing in power: terrorist and non state groups
34. what is sovereignty: states ability to rule itself
35. what do sovereign states have alot of: authority and control over what hap- pens in borders
36. internal sovereignty: states governing themselves independently and having full control of their borders
37. external sovereignty: 29. realist: world is chaotic, countries must always fight for power to stay safe, countries act in their interests
30. liberals: countries can achieve more by working together, economic and cultural power are as important as military
31. rising powers include: brazil, india, china
32. how is USA a superpower in decline: financial crisis
33. who are increasing in power: terrorist and non state groups
34. what is sovereignty: states ability to rule itself
35. what do sovereign states have alot of: authority and control over what hap- pens in borders
36. internal sovereignty: states governing themselves independently and having full control of their borders
37. external sovereignty: how states interact externally with other states and IGO's
38. what does state sovereignty relate to legitimacy: weather other states rec- ognize it as a state
39. why may palestine not be sovereign: claims to a be a state but IGO doesn't claim it to be one but cannot be sovereign
40. what should sovereign states have: permanent population, defined territory and borders, effective government
41. who agrees on the legitimacy of state borders: United Nations
42. referendum: when people vote to decide on a particular subject rather than voting for an individual or political party
43. why would state sovereignty erode: increased globalization
44. realists on sovereignty being eroded: sovereignty is the most important actor in global politics
45. liberals on sovereignty being eroded: states cooperate and security is maxi- mized more rather than defense
46. what would realists say about sovereignty: it should be defended at an absolute and is a major principle and breaching should only be if national state requires it
47. example of breaching sovereignty- usa: reluctant to intervene in Rwanda genocide but intervened in iran due to threat of national security
48. what would liberals say about sovereignty: it is important but not exclusive
49. most common mode of government: democracy
50. interdependance: when groups in global politics rely on each other, having shared interests and impact on each other
51. what is economic interdependence: states trade with each other and the success and failures depend on each other
52. political interdependence: states political decisions have an impact on other states
53. intergovernmental organizations: as the world becomes more globalized states have become more interdependent so there are more intergovernmental organisations
54. reasons for joining IGO's: -powerful states can join to persuade -weak states can group and they get control
-resolve issues
-protection of power
55. how many members does the UN have: 193
56. objectives of the UN: -promoting global peace and security
-protecting human rights
-advancing development
-tackling climate change
57. what do economic IGO's do: spread economic development, help states in financial difficulty, advise states on how to develop
58. main economic IGO's: world trade organization, international monetary fund, world bank
59. what is collective security of IGO's: joining to improve, protect and join
60. nato: made post cold war as a security alliance
61. hybrid IGO: have many functions
62. EU: complex regional hybrid, uniting enemies, encouraging integration through laws and currencies
63. what do liberals think about global governance: key priority allowing states to solve issues
64. what do realists think about global governance: national interests should be prioritizes, sometimes IGO can help
65. what is strategic alliance: states choosing reliable and profitable allies to achieve goals and protect interests
66. legitimacy: group or actions that are seen to be acceptable usually by conform- ing to laws or democratic principals
67. what does sovereignty relate to: recognition
68. authority doest =: legitimacy
69. what makes a government legitimate: if government is following constitution and will of people
70. how is democracy legitimate: electoral process and constitution, is legitimate is people follow rules of constitution
71. excecutive: produces policy ideas and implements them
72. legislature: votes on weather they should become laws
73. judiciary: ensures law is proposed and upheld
74. legitimate NGO's: well funded and prevalent, do things for benefit of people making them legitimate
75. MNC: given friendly tax making them legitimate
76. how can extremist groups be legitimate: gain legitimacy from people
77. legitimacy of actions: UN security council