Summary of Jerome A. Shaffer's Assessment of Emotion

Overview of Emotions

Jerome A. Shaffer discusses the role and desirability of emotions, defining them as complex physiological and sensational states caused by beliefs and desires. He assesses the rational and moral status of emotions and explores their implications for human life.

Definition and Analysis of Emotion

Emotions are conceptualized as episodes characterized by physiological responses, which are triggered by specific beliefs and desires. Shaffer highlights the importance of distinguishing between beliefs/desires and physical sensations in the analysis of emotion.

Superfluity of Emotions

Shaffer argues that emotions may be superfluous to action; actions are often motivated directly by beliefs and desires independently of emotional experiences. The physiological responses associated with emotions do not necessarily dictate behavioral responses.

Rational and Moral Assessment of Emotions

Emotions can be evaluated for their rationality; a person may recognize whether their feelings are justified based on their beliefs and desires. Similarly, moral assessments arise when determining the appropriateness of emotions like anger or jealousy in specific contexts.

Questioning the Value of Emotions

The desirability of emotions is complex and subjective, varying between individuals and contexts. While some emotions can be pleasurable, others may be counterproductive or detrimental to decision-making.

Implications of Emotionless Existence

Shaffer contemplates the possibility of a life devoid of emotion, suggesting it is conceivable and not necessarily detrimental to a person's moral or rational standing. Emotions do not play a mandatory role in achieving a fulfilling life.

Examination of Love

Love, considered a morally valuable emotion, is analyzed as having weak belief components but strong desire aspects. Its evaluative dimensions differ from other emotions, complicating the assessment of its rationality.

Conclusion on the Assessment of Emotion

Shaffer concludes that while emotions can provide insights into desires and beliefs, they lack intrinsic value outside of their context. The debate over the necessity and role of emotions continues, emphasizing the need for individual reflection on their impact and significance in life.