Membrane Proteins

Ampiphikic means they have hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains

Transmembrane alpha helices are enriched in amino acids that are non polar

Transmembrane protein (rolled up b sheet), found in bacteria

Membrane proteins can act as ion channels

Can act as transporters

Can also act as integrins/adhesions/connexins/claudins to cytoskeleton etc.

can act as receptors and enzymes too

Glycosylated means lots of sugar residues attached by enzymes to another structure

Glycatiion is when sugars are stuck onto proteins without enzymes

Glycosylation is important in figuring out blood types

Glycoproteins and glycolioids cover the cell in a protective carbohydrate layer.

Transport proteins is like carrier proteins, channel proteins r just the normal ones from a level bio

Steroid hormones are non polar

Collections of beta pleated sheets form a channel thru bilayer.

If solute has net charge. Conc gradients and electrical potential difference across membrane will influence transport (inside of membrane usually slightly more negative)

You get lot more transport when there’s come gradient and electrical potential gradient

Secondary active transport is powered by an ion gradient

Uphill solute translocation possible if coupled to ATP hydrolysis

Uphill solute transolafion possible if coupled tp downhill movement of an ion. (Seceindsry active transport)