Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Notes

Legal Basis

  • REPUBLIC ACT 10121 (PDRRM ACT OF 2010): The "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010" aims to strengthen the country’s Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System.
    • The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) was established to address national programs for disaster management.
      • Focuses on four thematic areas: prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster response, and disaster recovery and rehabilitation.
  • Section 14 of RA 10121: Integrates Disaster Risk Reduction Education into school curricula and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) programs.
    • Mandatory training for public sector employees.
    • Legal basis for integrating disaster risk reduction and management education in secondary and tertiary education, including the National Service Training Program (NSTP).
  • Additional Legal Bases:
    • REPUBLIC ACT 9372 (HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007)
    • REPUBLIC ACT 9514 (FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES OF 2008)
    • REPUBLIC ACT 10871 (BASIC LIFE SUPPORT TRAINING IN SCHOOLS ACT OF 2016)
    • REPUBLIC 11469 (BAYANIHAN TO HEAL AS ONE ACT)
    • REPUBLIC 11479 (ANTI-TERRORISM ACT OF 2020)

Definition of Terms

  • Disaster: A serious disruption of a community or society's functioning, involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts.
    • Exceeds the affected community or society's ability to cope using its own resources.
  • Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Vulnerability: The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Capacity: A combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society, or organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of a disaster.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Exposure: The degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Disaster Risk: The potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets, and services, which could occur to a particular community or society over some specified future time period.

Disaster Equation

  • Source: PNRC. The specific equation was not provided.

Thematic Areas of Disaster Management

  • Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Mitigation: The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.
    • Source: PNRC
  • Preparedness: Factors to consider:
    1. Awareness
    2. Knowledge
    3. Skills
    4. Equipment
  • Survival Kit: A package of basic tools and supplies prepared as an aid to survival during an emergency and crisis situation.
    • Must have supplies that will last for at least three (3) days.
    • Contents should be based on individual NEEDS.
    • Pointers for preparing a survival kit:
      1. Food and Water
      2. Power/Energy
      3. Communication
      4. First Aid/Medicine
      5. Legal Documents
      6. Money
      7. Security
      8. Others
  • Response: The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
    • DON’T Run
    • DON’T Push
    • DON’T Talk
    • DON’T Return
    • DON’T bring your things
  • Community Quarantine (Pandemic Situation):
    • Safety measures to limit the spread of Coronavirus.
    • Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ): Local populace generally ordered to stay at home, with residents restricted from traveling to other cities or barangays.
      • LGU/Barangay Unit can issue quarantine passes for one representative per family to buy essential goods within the issuing authority’s jurisdiction.
    • General Community Quarantine (GCQ): More lenient than ECQ. Public transportation allowed at reduced capacity, and select businesses can operate at 50-100% capacity.
    • Other Measures:
      • Extensive/Extreme Enhanced Community Quarantine (EECQ)
      • Modified Enhance Community Quarantine (MECQ)
      • Modified General Community Quarantine (MGCQ)
      • Total or Special Concern Lockdown
      • New Normal
  • Safety Tips Against Covid-19 Virus
    • Keep your hands clean by washing frequently with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub.
    • Maintain social distancing for about 1 to 2 meters.
    • Wear a face mask (face shield if necessary).
    • Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth.
    • Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
    • If you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.
    • Obey all rules and regulations imposed by the authority.
    • Stay at home if possible.
  • Evacuation Procedure:
    • EVACUATION: Removing people from a dangerous place to a designated safe site or area.
    • EVACUATION AREA: A predetermined area/site that is safe to cater to evacuees during an emergency situation.
    • Types of Evacuation:
      • TOTAL EVACUATION: Conducted when conditions are safer outside the establishment/building; all staff and guests must leave immediately.
      • PARTIAL EVACUATION: Only staff and guests of the affected zone are required to leave immediately.
      • REVERSE EVACUATION: When conditions are safer inside, all staff and guests from outside are required to proceed to safe areas inside.
      • SHELTER-IN-PLACE: For severe weather, staff and guests are held in the building’s safe areas and interior rooms away from windows.
        • For hazardous material release, staff and guests remain in their rooms, with windows and doors sealed and ventilation systems shut off.
  • Points to consider during evacuation:
    • Do not panic and be alert.
    • Proceed to the nearest emergency exit/designated emergency route.
    • Do not run, instead walk fast.
    • Never use the elevator.
    • Use only one side of the staircase, the other side will be utilized by the rescue team.
    • Do not talk while walking.
    • Give consideration to elderly, pregnant and person with physical conditions (persons with disability).
    • Proceed to the pre-determine evacuation area.
    • Once you get out, never return to the building.
    • Observe time consumption during evacuation (Maximum of three minutes)
  • Recovery and Rehabilitation:
    • Recovery: Decisions and actions taken after a disaster to restore or improve pre-disaster living conditions, while encouraging adjustments to reduce disaster risks.
    • Rehabilitation: Measures that ensure affected communities/areas can restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructure and increasing the communities' organizational capacity.

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control

  • (No specific details provided in the transcript beyond the title)

Crisis Management Plan

  • A Crisis Management Plan (CMP) is the physical manifestation of crisis management.
    • It is a document that outlines procedures and processes for responding to a critical situation that threatens an organization's profitability, reputation, or ability to operate.
  • Components of a Crisis Management Plan:
    1. References
    2. Background
    3. Objectives
    4. Purpose
    5. Concept of Operation
    6. Coordinating Instruction
    7. Effectivity
  • Details of CMP Components:
    • References: Books, handouts, articles, and other related readings used in crafting the plan.
      • Serve as the legal basis for guidelines, policies, and procedures.
    • Background: Overview of the history of the establishment/institution, barangay/area, as well as the mission, vision, and goals.
      • May include security survey, facilities, and geographical location.
    • Objectives: Specific results the plan aims to achieve.
    • Purpose: The reason for crafting a crisis management plan.
    • Concept of Operation: Divided into three stages:
      • Stage 1 (Pre-crisis): Preparation to prevent or mitigate the effect of a hazard/emergency.
      • Stage 2 (Crisis Response): Guidelines, policies, and procedures to respond during a hazard/emergency situation.
        • Each hazard/emergency should have different guidelines.
      • Stage 3 (Post-crisis): Recovery and rehabilitation of the establishment/institution.
        • May include debriefing, mustering, inventory, relief, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction.
    • Coordinating Instruction: Specific instructions and tasks for all concerned individuals and departments to maintain synchronization and unity of command.
    • Effectivity: Indicates the date when the plan is approved and takes effect.
      • Subject to revision/amendment depending on the current situation.
  • Additional Information & Annexes for an Effective CMP:
    1. Definition of Terms
    2. Risk/Vulnerability Assessment of the Establishment/Area
    3. Security Plan
    4. Vicinity Maps/Floor Plan/Evacuation Plan and Routes
    5. Organizational Chart with Duties and Responsibilities
    6. Inventory of Resources and Capabilities
    7. Procedure for Response to Hazzard Situations
  • Details of Additional Information & Annexes:
    • DEFINITION OF TERMS: List of terminologies in crafting a crisis management plan.
    • RISK AND VULNERABILITIES ASSESSMENT: Determines the readiness status and capability of the establishment/building in times of hazard and emergency.
      • Conduct regular check-ups of the establishment/building.
      • Determine emergency exit route and evacuation area.
      • Conduct profiling of staff and guests (age, gender, medical condition, physical disability).
      • Identify staff with knowledge and skills on security and safety for use as first responders.
      • Inspect the entrance/exit route for obstructions.
      • Monitor and evaluate equipment (computer, mechanical, electrical, automotive, kitchen).
      • Check conditions/availability of emergency alarm/lights, evacuation signage/route, fire extinguisher, first aid kit.
    • EVACUATION PLAN AND ROUTE: Provides guidelines, policies, procedures, and tasks for staff and guests on how to evacuate during a hazard/emergency.
      • Should consist of evacuation route, emergency exits, and evacuation area.
    • ORGANIZATIONAL CHART: Visually conveys an organizational structure by detailing the roles, responsibilities, duties, and relationships between individuals.
    • INVENTORY OF SUPPLIES / RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES: Determines the readiness status and capability of the establishment to respond in times of hazardous and emergency situations.
      • Consider supplies and equipment, emergency numbers/hotlines, and trainings and seminars.
    • PROCEDURE FOR RESPONSE TO HAZZARD SITUATIONS