Chronology of the Big Bang

  • 13.7 Ga

    • (Ga = Billion years ago)

  • Singularity → The Big Bang

  • 1 second after BB

    • Quarks

  • 3 minutes after BB

    • nuclei formed

      • of hydrogen and Helium

      • Roughly ¾ and ¼ respectively

  • 300k years after BB

    • electrons can form bc the earth cooled off enough to form atoms

  • 1 Ga after BB

    • molecular clouds

    • hydrogen burning

      • doesn’t blow up because gravity won’t let it

    • First stars form

Iron kills a star

  • it doesn’t compress

    • When an element doesn’t compress the only thing a star can do is blow up

Nucleosynthesis - Stars making bigger elements

Supernova - Releases more energy than our sun will in our entire lifetime (bigger than big bang)

Shockwave from a Supernova

Terrestrial Planets → Gas Giants. (Jovian Planets)

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars - terrestrial Planets

  • Their interiors

    • they have a core of different compositions

Early on the terrestrials melting - as they cooled, they became less and less geologically active

Radiation is what runs our internal heat

Earth - only one that has a true satellite (the moon)

Mars has 2 moons - they’re not real moons

  • it was clickbait

  • it was stolen meteors from the asteroid belt

  • Stolen badly so it will collide into mars

Moon stabilizes the axis

  • provides tides

  • cool gravitational pull

  • yadda yadda

Mars

  • no air to breath

  • freeze to death at equator

Jovians (Gas Planets)

  • Bodies at least 10x the size of the earth

  • They’re rock and Gases

    • The rock being heavier sunk to the core

    • no actual crust

    • the gas surrounds/hugs the core

The Jupiter System

  • have small icier bodies circling them

They all have rings

The gravity of the giant Jovians suck in the rings

Small Solar System Bodies

  • Asteroids and Comets

  • the little scraps that never got together

most asteroids aren’t big enough (typically) to be spherical

Meteors - if it burns up in the atmosphere (shooting star)

Meteorites - if some of it hits the ground (now it’s a rock)

Meteroid - bad space puppy that doesn’t stay in the asteroid belt

Asteroid - good puppy in the asteroid belt

Past Neptune is what’s called- the Kuiper Belt

  • lots of ice

  • Keiper Belt Ice object - Pluto, Eris, Ceres

IAU - International Astronomy Union

  • namers of space stuff

Planet

  • hydrostatic equilibrium

  • be a ball

  • orbit the sun

  • cleared its path of all other major bodies

Oort Cloud

  • over a lightyear in diameter

  • completely surrounds our solar system

Problem with Comets

  • we can only see them when they get close

  • You see them too late to run, hide, migrate to mars, etc

Walk through the history of the Earth

History of the Earth

The solar nebula hypothesis is the most widely accepted explanation for how the solar system, including the sun, planets, and other celestial bodies, formed. It proposes that the solar system originated from a large cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula, which collapsed under its own gravity. 


Hadean Eon - accretion and differentiation

  • no solid rocks

  • hot as FUCKKK

Theia - the mars-sized impactor

  • it’s not mars

Archean Eon

  • continental crust building