Mass media chapter 2
Chapter 6: television and cable
Electronic technology
-digital standard adopted in 2009
4x3
-RCA had the first successful color broadcast system in 1954
-CBS tried to bring color tv first
-early television programs often had single sponsors
-dramas and live shows
Networks are always trying to pull in money from viewership
-Enter game shows
-prime time quiz shows
-cheap to produce
- 22 quiz shows by the end of 1959
-commercial sponsors' revenue surged
-revlon sales surged from 1.2 to 10 million
-dropped by networks amid allegations of being rigged.
CATV (late 1950s)
-Community antenna television
- the first small cable systems
-mountains blocked TV signals
-served 10% of country
-Had 12 channels
Satelillties benefit TV
-1972 at&t launched telstar
-the first satellite capable of receiving and sending telephone and tv signals.
1970: advances in satellite technology allow the creation of cable companies that can distribute many channels to a ‘main distribution hub’
Cable services grow
-basic cable (100+ channels)
-premium cable (HBO, showtime)
-pay-per-view(1985)(UFC, boxing)
-Video on demand (VOD) (early 2000’s)
-DBS (direct broadcast satellite)
-cable tv without wires
MUST CARRY rules
-FCC: federal comm commission
MUST CARRY rule: required all cable operators to carry all local tv broadcasts on their systems
Telecommunications Act of 1996
- Media owners could operate tv, radio, and phone companies in the same market where they owned a cable network.
-spur competition (lower costs?)
-improve technological infrastructure
Home video threatens TV
-1975: VCR
1980s DVD
-2012 DVR (50% of US homes had them)
More than 95% have dvr technology
-Time shifting viewers record shows and watch them back at another time. This takes them away from watching networks
More ‘screens’ appear
1movie screen
2nd screen tv
3rd screen: computer screens streaming the internet
4th screen: smart phone and mobile devices
Rating = a percentage of households who are turned in to watch a show
Ex: 100 million households with a tv 20 million are watching = 20% rating
Viewers turned in to a given program
All Households with a TV
Share = household watching a given program
All households watching tv