Social Studies

Boycott: A refusal to buy or use goods and services as a form of protest.
Import: Goods brought into a country from another country.
Repeal: To officially cancel a law or act.
Coercive: Using force or threats to persuade someone to do something.
Intolerable: Unbearable, impossible to endure.
Parliament: The lawmaking body of Great Britain.
Martyr: A person who dies for a great cause or belief.
Effigy: A model representing a disliked person, often burned in protest.
Social Contract: An agreement between the governed and the government defining their rights and responsibilities.
Committees of Correspondence: Groups organized to communicate and coordinate colonial resistance to British policies.
Iroquois Confederacy: A powerful alliance of Native American tribes in northeastern North America.
Albany Plan of Union: A proposal by Benjamin Franklin to unite the colonies under a central government (it failed).
Smuggling: Illegally importing or exporting goods.
"No Taxation Without Representation": A rallying cry of the colonists, protesting their lack of representation in Parliament while being taxed.
Sons of Liberty: A secret organization formed to oppose British policies.

King George III: The King of Great Britain during the American Revolution.
Patrick Henry: A fiery orator and Patriot leader from Virginia, known for the phrase "Give me liberty or give me death!"
Captain Preston: The British officer in charge of the troops during the Boston Massacre.
John Adams: A lawyer and Patriot leader who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre; later became the second President of the United States.
George Washington: Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution; later became the first President of the United States.
Paul Revere: A Patriot who made a famous midnight ride to warn colonists of the approaching British troops.

Sides: Great Britain and its colonists fought against France and its Native American allies.
Location: The main fighting took place in the Ohio River Valley, a disputed territory.
Impact on England: The war put England deeply in debt and expanded its territory in North America.
Treaty: The Treaty of Paris 1763 officially ended the war.
Land Acquisition: England gained Canada and Florida.
Map Skills: Be prepared to identify key locations, troop movements, and territorial changes on maps.
George Washington's Role: He served as a military officer and gained valuable leadership experience.

Proclamation Line of 1763: Aimed to prevent conflict with Native Americans; angered colonists wanting to settle west.
Quartering Act: Seen as a violation of colonial rights and privacy.
Stamp Act: Led to widespread protests and boycotts; encapsulated the phrase "No Taxation Without Representation!"
Sugar Act: Hurt colonial merchants and increased the cost of goods.
Townshend Acts: Taxed tea, glass, paper, and paint; repealed in 1770 except for the tax on tea.
Tea Act: Designed to assist the British East India Company; angered colonists who viewed it as a monopoly and threat to liberty.
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts): Harsh acts meant to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, including closing Boston's port and restricting town meetings.
Why Britain Passed Tax Laws: To raise revenue for war debts and maintain control over colonies.

Boston Massacre: Tensions led to a deadly clash, resulting in five colonist deaths; fueled resentment against British oppression.
Boston Tea Party: Protest where colonists disguised as Native Americans dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act.

Coercive Acts: Further inflamed colonial anger and united colonies against British rule.
First Continental Congress: Colonial leaders convened to respond to Coercive Acts, sending a petition to the king and organizing a boycott of British goods.

Patriots: Advocated for independence from Britain and were willing to fight for it.
Loyalists: Maintained loyalty to the British crown and opposed independence.

Electoral College: System where electors cast votes to elect the president.
Winning the Presidency: A candidate must win the majority of electoral votes.
New Jersey's Electoral Votes: New Jersey currently has 14 electoral votes.