Untitled Flashcards Set

Transportation and communication 

• Transatlantic steamships, from 1831

 • Telegraph from 1850s

Local transportation system 

• Travelers from 1530s 

• Waterways and terrain • Rail and steamship

 • Railway, Colón to Panama City, 1855 

Canals

• Human-made, passable by boat

• Suez Canal, 1882

• Panama Canal, started 1885

Spanish Caribbean • Forts • British sieges, 1690-1780 • 1727 blockade • 1751 siege of Cartagena • Yellow fever and malaria

Mosquitoes • Anopheles • Plantation landscape • Tropical disease and racialized thinking • Revolutions • Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804

Panama • Canal Zone • US imperialism, Panama independence • Panama Canal Treaty of 1903 • Canal completed in 1914 • Disease control • Col. William Gorgas • Environmental management • Drain, poison, protect, quinine • Malaria incidence: 11.59 per 1,000 in 1906 to 1.23 in 1909 • Yellow fever gone

Bananas • Commercialization • Cultivators in Canal Zone • Gros Michel • 1927 peak

Roads • Local access roads • Highway in 1944 • Increased logging, farming, mining

Hydrology • Forest hydrology • “a worthless ditch”? • Frank Wadsworth 

Suez Canal: The Suez Canal connected the Mediterranean and Red Seas, reducing travel time between Europe and Asia.

Panama Canal: The Panama Canal is one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects in history, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Haitian Revolution highlights the role of disease

The U.S. implemented public health measures in the Panama Canal Zone to control diseases like malaria and yellow fever

 innovative lock systems and hydrological management

the banana trade flourished in the Canal Zone, linking Central America to global markets.

The Haitian Revolution was a slave revolt against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue that took place from 1791 to 1804