Comprehensive Vocabulary Guide: VOCA 12 Word List

Social Critiques and Abstract Conceptualizations

Indictment (noun): This refers to something that shows a policy, system, or society is fundamentally bad or wrong. For example: "All sorts of indictments, and all kinds of revolutionary utterances are contained in that document."
Illusion (noun): This is defined as an idea or belief that is not true. Usage includes the following scenario: "Furthermore, subjects will experience percepts that defy reality when necessary to retain the illusions."
Copy (verb): To copy is to intentionally make or do something that is exactly the same as an original piece of work. For instance: "Authors should submit three copies of each illustration."
Symbol (noun): A sign, shape, or object that is utilized to represent something else. An example of its use is: "If it does, then this modifier is considered an object and the symbol is removed from the list."
Mockery (noun): This term describes the act of mocking someone or something. Example: "Bill's mockery of his dad was cruel, but it made us laugh."

Human Traits, Skills, and Temperaments

Adept (adjective): Having a natural ability to do something that requires specific skill. For example: "Tamsin Palmer gave a technically adept performance on the piano."
Temperamental (adjective): A temperamental person is someone whose mood typically changes very suddenly. A contextual application states: "Consequently, limits on their temperamental style may lead to frustration and aggressive, defiant behavior."
Congenial (adjective): This describes someone who is friendly and pleasant. For example: "The best that we can hope for is a metaphysics consistent with and congenial to the doctrine."
Vulnerable (adjective): Being able to be easily physically or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked. For instance: "I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on."
Reclusive (adjective): Describing someone who lives alone and avoids going outside or talking to other people. Example: "She became increasingly reclusive after the tragedy."
Knack (noun): This is a skill or ability to do something easily and well. An example is: "She has the knack of making people feel comfortable."

Judgment, Inclinations, and Practical Action

Assess (verb): To judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something. Example: "The insurers will need to assess the flood damage."
Penchant (noun): A liking for, enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like. Example: "Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family."
Pilfer (verb): To steal things of relatively small value. For example: "He was caught pilfering (sweets) from the shop."
Purpose (noun): The reason why you do something or why something exists. Example: "The purpose of the research is to try to find out more about the causes of the disease."
Dispense (verb): To give out things, especially products, services, or specific amounts of money. Example: "There is a vending machine on the platform that dispenses snacks."
Predilection (noun): If someone has a predilection for something, it means they like it a lot. For instance: "Ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for spicy food."
Disturb (verb): To interrupt what someone else is doing. Example: "I'm sorry to disturb you so late, but my car's broken down and I don't have my phone with me."

Remedies, Hazards, and Social Standing

Remedy (noun): A successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty. As an example: "an effective herbal remedy for headaches"
Raid (noun): A short, sudden attack, usually carried out by a small group of people. Context: "However, as the air raids intensified, the desire to stay in close contact with family grew stronger."
Inseparable (adjective): If two or more people are inseparable, they are such good friends that they spend most of their time together. For example: "When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable."
Legitimacy (noun): This refers to the quality of being legal. Example: "The lawyers expressed serious doubts about the legitimacy of military action."
Unconcerned (adjective): Not worried or interested, especially when one arguably should be worried or interested. For instance: "The baby was apparently unconcerned by the noise."
Prestige (noun): Respect and admiration given to someone or something, usually because of a reputation for high quality, success, or social influence. Example: "The company has gained international prestige."
Derived (adjective): Coming from or caused by something else. Context: "Its mission also included the scientific study of products derived from the colonies and improving trade and production."

Intellectual Depth and Standards of Quality

Profundity (noun): The quality of showing a clear and deep understanding of serious matters. Example: "He made a very good point when he said that mobility and profundity are almost incompatible."
Related (adjective): Simply defined as connected. Example: "We discussed unemployment and related issues."
Accuracy (noun): The fact of being exact or correct. For example: "Patricia has checked the reports and can vouch for the accuracy of the information."
Diminished (adjective): A diminished musical interval is defined as the amount by which one note is higher or lower than another, specifically being one semitone (the smallest difference between two notes) less than a perfect interval. Usage: "Laboratory models, however, are necessarily diminished representations of everyday-life processes."
Detachment (noun): A group of soldiers who are separated from the main group in order to perform a particular duty. Example: "military detachment A military detachment was sent to the island to provide support."
Elitist (adjective): Organized for the good of a few people who have special interests or abilities. For instance: "Many remember sport at school as elitist, focusing only on those who were good at it."
Perquisites (noun): This is the formal term for a perk. Example: "The perquisites of this job include health insurance and a performance bonus."

Governance, Moral Standards, and Hardship

Monarchical (adjective): Showing opposition to a king or queen, or to the idea of a country being ruled by a king or queen. Example usage: "He assured parliament that he had observed very little antimonarchical behaviour."
Tribulations (noun): A problem or difficulty. Example: "These accounts provide fascinating insight into the trials and tribulations of the women's chosen path and way of life."
Irreproachable (adjective): Without fault and therefore impossible to criticize. Example: "Her conduct throughout was irreproachable."
Luxuries (noun): Great comfort, especially as provided by expensive and beautiful things. Usage: "The only drawback is the exorbitant price tag that comes along with the luxuries."
Reprehensible (adjective): If someone's behavior is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable. Context: "This is why the opponents of the 'linguistic equality theory' are not only wrong, but reprehensible."
Afflictions (noun): Something that makes you suffer. Example: "Malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor."
Commendable (adjective): Deserving of praise. Example: "It is commendable that the author draws on qualitative and quantitative measures throughout these chapters."
Privileges (noun): An advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because of their position or wealth. For example: "Senior management enjoy certain privileges, such as company cars and health insurance."

Origins, Genetics, and Inherent Traits

Indigenous (adjective): Used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from elsewhere. Example: "The indigenous population has long suffered exclusion and profound injustice."
Transitory (adjective): Lasting for only a short time. Example: "The costs of disinflation are immediate but transitory; the benefits of the disinflation are permanent but delayed."
Recessive (adjective): Relating to genes and the physical qualities they control, only appearing in a child if both parents supply the controlling gene. Context: "For reasons described previously, deleterious mutations that persist in a population are likely to be at least partially recessive in their effects on fitness."