CNA Knowledge Test Review

Terms

  • Privacy: Always a priority.
  • Safety: Resident and caregiver safety; caregiver safety first.
  • HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accountability Act): Protects resident privacy and confidentiality.
  • Ombudsman: Legal advocate for resident rights.
  • Delegation: Transferring task responsibility.
  • Person-directed care: Encouraging resident choices, dignity, and respect.
  • Care plan: Individualized care, tasks, and goals.
  • Misappropriation of property: Stealing from residents.
  • Abuse: Intentional mistreatment causing harm; report immediately. Includes physical, sexual, harassment, financial, mental, verbal, & involuntary seclusion.
  • Neglect: Failure to provide needs, resulting in harm.
  • Assault: Threat of unauthorized touching.
  • Battery: Unauthorized touching.
  • Mandated Reporter: Legally required to report abuse.
  • Slander: False statements harming reputation.
  • Willful Infliction of Harm: Deliberate action to harm.

Healthcare Team

  • Nursing team: RN, LPN, CNAs.
  • Healthcare team: All staff (RN, MD, pharmacist, etc.).
  • Ethics: Knowledge of right and wrong.
  • Medicare: Federal health insurance for 65+.
  • Medicaid: Federal & state aid for low-income/disabled.
  • LTC: 24-hour skilled nursing care.
  • Assisted Living: Independent living with ADL assistance.
  • Acute Illness: Sudden, full recovery expected.
  • Chronic Illness: Ongoing, no cure, can be controlled.

Communication

  • Exchange of information: sender, receiver, message, response.
  • Verbal: spoken, signed, written words (not reading).
  • Non-Verbal: Facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, body language.
  • Barriers: Impaired understanding, failing to listen, opinions, stress, excessive talking, interrupting, illness, using unfamiliar words.

Good Communication Skills

  • Face resident, speak slowly and clearly with patience.

Good Observation

  • Objective (signs): CNA's senses (sees, hears, touches, smells).
  • Subjective (symptoms): Patient reports (headache, pain).

Cultural Sensitivity

  • Treat residents as they wish to be treated.

Communicating With:

  • Hearing impaired: Ensure hearing aids work, normal tone, face the person, reduce noise.
  • Vision impaired: Face person, gentle touch, use clock method for positions; don't rearrange furniture.
  • CVA/stroke: Face person, clear/slow speech, simple directions, allow time to respond, be aware of weak side.

Reporting

  • Report verbally to nurse, and at shift end to oncoming CNA.
  • Immediately report: falls, chest pain, breathing issues, etc.

Documents

  • Medical Records/Chart: Legal document with health information.
  • Kardex: Quick reference; not permanent.
  • Care plan: Plan of care to be followed.
  • Facilities' policy book: Rules and regulations.

Recording (Charting)

  • Black ink only; chart only what you do.
  • Include date/time, sign with name/title.
  • Chart facts, not opinions; legal document.

Telephone Etiquette

  • Answer by the second ring, identify self/facility/position.

Other Key Points

  • Keep call light within reach.
  • Military Time: 24-hour clock.
  • Maslow's Hierarchy: Physiological needs come first, then safety/security, love/belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization.
  • Interpersonal skills: Ability to work well with others.
  • Geriatrics: Study of elderly issues.
  • Holistic care: Caring for the whole person (physical, spiritual, psychological, social).
  • Dignity, independence, self-care are vital for elderly.
  • Confidentiality is essential.

OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)

  • Passed in 1987 to protect LTC residents.
  • Regulates CNA training.
  • Resident rights: respect, freedom from abuse, refuse treatment, informed consent, personal choices; promote self-care.
  • UNAR (Utah Nursing Assistant Registry): Oversees CNA programs in Utah.
  • CNA Training: Minimum 75 hours (Utah: 76 class / 24 clinical).
  • Renewal: Every 2 years, 200 work hours.
  • CNA Scope: ADLs, report changes, follow care plan, respect resident rights.
  • Restrictions: No sterile procedures, meds, MD orders, inserting objects.
  • Abuse reporting is mandatory.
  • Delegation: Nurses (LPN/RN) delegate to CNAs.
  • Abuse Registry: Tracks abuse, neglect, etc. (permanent unless error).

Resident Rights

  • Respect, freedom from abuse, refuse treatment, privacy, informed consent, phone/mail access.
  • Sexual Harassment: Unwanted advances, jokes, touching.

Sexuality

  • Sexual needs continue; respect sexual expression & privacy.

Spiritual, Cultural, Religious Beliefs

  • Respect individual uniqueness; avoid affecting care with personal beliefs.

Families

  • Help with care decisions, support, connection; support family members due to stress burden.

Safety Measures

  • Bed low, wheels locked, call light/water/phone in reach.
  • Identify resident before care.
  • Body Mechanics: Bend knees, straight back, pivot, use strong muscles.
  • OSHA/SDS: Workplace safety, hazardous material guidelines.
  • Restraints: MD order, not for convenience; release q2h, check q15 min for issues; quick-release knot to bed frame.
  • Alternatives to restraints are preferred.
  • If a resident falls, gently lower them to the floor and protect their head, do not move and report immediately.
  • Incident Report: Fill out after incidents; chart facts.
  • RACE (Fire): Remove, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate.
  • PASS (Extinguisher): Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
  • Choking: perform Heimlich maneuver, abdominal thrust

Emergency Response

  • Evacuation plan, choking response, MI/cardiac arrest protocol, burn/hemorrhage care, stroke (CVA) recognition.
  • FAST (stroke): Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911.

Infection Control

  • Microorganism (small living thing only visible with microscope).
  • Pathogen (harmful microbes).
  • Non-pathogen (harmless microbes).
  • Chain of Infection:
  1. Causative agent (pathogen)
  2. Reservoir Microbe grows here
  3. Portal of exit: How microbe leaves
  4. Mode of Transmission (airborne, droplet, contact
  5. Portal of Entry = microbe entering the susceptible host, startiong the cycel
  6. Susceptible Host: NEW host- starts the chain/cycle again not everyone will be a host it depends on their immune system
  • HAI (Healthcare-Associated Infection).
  • Asepsis (absence of disease-producing microbes).