Unit 7 ADV Study Guide

Unit 7: SS8H6 Reconstruction ADV Study Guide

Test Details

  • Date: Friday, January 17, 2025

Vocabulary Terms

  • 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery.

  • 14th Amendment (1868): Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

  • 15th Amendment (1870): Granted African American men the right to vote.

  • Black Codes: Laws restricting the rights of freedmen.

  • Congressional Reconstruction (1866-1867): A phase of Reconstruction led by Congress, focusing on civil rights and military oversight of the South.

  • Military Reconstruction (1867-1877): Period where military authority governed the South to enforce laws.

  • Ratify: To formally approve a proposal or amendment.

  • Repeal: To revoke or annul a law.

  • Sharecropping: A system where farmers work land owned by another for a share of the crops.

  • Freedmen’s Bureau: Established to assist freed slaves in the South after the Civil War.

  • Ku Klux Klan: A secret society that opposed African American rights through intimidation and violence.

  • Tenant Farming: A system where farmers rent land and farm it for a share of the produce.

  • Black Legislators: African Americans who held political office during Reconstruction.

Learning Targets and Success Criteria

  • Roles of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments in Reconstruction:

    • Identify each Amendment: 13th (abolished slavery), 14th (citizenship), 15th (voting rights).

    • Explain their roles: Essential for establishing civil rights for freed slaves.

  • Reconstruction Plans:

    • Lincoln's Plan: A lenient approach aimed for quick re-admittance of Southern states.

    • Johnson's Plan: Similar to Lincoln's but more lenient towards Southern leaders.

    • Congressional Plan: Stricter measures including military oversight to enforce rights.

Page 2 Notes

Key Definitions and Explanations

  • Reconstruction: The period following the Civil War aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.

  • Need for Reconstruction: Address the societal and economic upheaval post-Civil War.

Plans for Reconstruction

  • Lincoln's Plan:

    • Emphasized forgiveness and easy reintegration of Southern states.

    • Requires only 10% of voters to swear allegiance to the Union.

  • Johnson's Plan:

    • Similar to Lincoln’s but allowed former Confederates to regain power.

    • More lenient towards Southern states than Congress desired.

  • Congressional Plan:

    • Focused on civil rights and suffrage for African Americans.

    • Divided South into military districts for enforcement.

Freedmen's Bureau vs. Ku Klux Klan

  • Freedmen's Bureau:

    • Aimed to support freed blacks and poor whites through education, healthcare, and legal assistance.

    • More positive goals focused on aid and integration.

  • Ku Klux Klan:

    • Aimed to maintain white supremacy through violence and intimidation.

    • Opposed integration and civil rights.

  • Comparison:

    • Freedmen's Bureau promoted rights; KKK aimed to restrict them.

Impact of Removing Black Legislators

  • Reasons for Removal:

    • Resistance from white Southerners to black political power.

  • Effects:

    • Loss of representation for African Americans in the Georgia General Assembly.

Goods and Services in Reconstruction Era

  • Examples of Production:

    • Agriculture such as cotton, tobacco, and corn.

  • Sharecropping:

    • Farmers get a portion of the crop in exchange for labor but often remain in debt.

  • Tenant Farming:

    • Typically allows for a bit more freedom than sharecropping but still can lead to economic hardship.

  • Negative Effects:

    • Often leads to a cycle of poverty and debt for African American farmers.