RPH PRELIMS
History - is the study of past events, particularly human affairs, through analysis of available evidence.
Understanding Change – History allows us to see how and why changes occur over time. It helps us understand the factors that lead to significant events, such as wars, revolutions, and social reforms.
Learning from the Past – By studying past mistakes and achievements, we can learn valuable lessons that guide our decisions today.
Cultural Appreciation – Learning about history fosters appreciation for diverse cultures and perspectives.
Critical Thinking – Analyzing historical events develops critical thinking skills as we evaluate sources and interpret evidence.
• Letters and Diaries – Personal writings that offer insights into the thoughts and feelings of individuals during a specific time.
• Official Documents – Government records, treaties, and laws that reflect the political and social climate of an era.
• Photographs and Artifacts – Visual representations and objects that provide context and details about daily life and culture.
• Newspaper Articles – Reports from the time that capture public opinion and events as they unfolded.
The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (900 CE) – It was found in 1989 and is the oldest known written document in the Philippines, dating back to 900 CE.
Boxer Codex (16th Century) – Created around 1590, it is a manuscript with over 75 illustrations and written descriptions of Filipino and Southeast Asian cultures.
The Doctrina Christiana (1593) – It is the first book ever printed in the Philippines.
• Check the Source – Just like historians verify the reliability of historical records, look at who created the source, when, and why. Consider the context in which it was produced.
• Recognize the Audience – History often involves understanding who the message is for. Determine who the intended audience was. This helps you understand why it was written or created.
• Investigate the Content – In history, you dive deep into the details of events, people, and motives. Analyze what the source says.
• Situate in History – Historians place events in their proper historical context. For primary sources, you do the same by connecting them to a broader historical narrative.
• Point out the Significance – History is about understanding the impact of events.
Maginoo (Nobility) – The Maginoo was the highest social class (ruling class) in the pre-colonial Philippines, including datus, rajahs, sultans, and their families.
Timawa (Freemen) – The Timawa were free commoners in the pre-colonial Philippines, below the Maginoo but above the Alipin.
Alipin (Dependents/Servants) – The Alipin were the lowest class in pre-colonial Philippines, like debt- bonded workers.
Aliping Namamahay - lived independently, worked for masters, and couldn’t be sold.
Aliping Sagigilid - lived with masters and had fewer rights, often due to debt, punishment, or war.
animism - believing in nature spirits and ancestral worship.
Shamans - called babaylan, performed rituals and healing ceremonies.
The Balangay (Butuan Boat) – The Balangay (Butuan Boat) was an ancient Filipino vessel used for trade and migration, influencing the term "barangay."
Maritime Jade Road – The Maritime Jade Road was an ancient trade route connecting the Philippines, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia from 2000 BCE to 1000 CE.
Baybayin Script – is an ancient Filipino script used before and during early Spanish colonization. It is an alphasyllabary with 17 characters (14 consonants and 3 vowels) that uses marks for vowel sounds.
Ferdinand Magellan - Portuguese explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, arrived in the Philippines.
Lapu Lapu - Magellan was killed by the local chieftain.
Conversion to Christianity – One of the primary goals of the Spaniards was to spread Christianity. Missionaries played a significant role in converting many Filipinos to Catholicism.
Encomienda System – granted Spanish settlers the right to collect tribute from local populations. In return, they were expected to protect the Indigenous people and teach them Christianity.
Cultural Exchange - Spanish influence can be seen in various aspects of Filipino life, including language, food, and clothing.
The Gomburza (Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora) were executed on February 17, 1872, for allegedly supporting the Cavite Mutiny.
ilustrados - educated Filipinos, known as
Propaganda Movement - emerged in the 1880s as a response to colonial injustices.
Advocacy for Reforms – The primary goal of the Propaganda Movement was to advocate for political and social reforms.
National Identity – The movement aimed to foster a sense of national identity among Filipinos. By promoting Filipino culture and history, they sought to unite the people against colonial oppression.
EducationandEnlightenment–Theilustradosemphasizedtheimportanceofeducationinachieving reform.
Graciano López Jaena (1856-1896) – As a journalist and orator, founded the newspaper La Solidaridad in 1889, which became the main platform for the Propaganda Movement.
Marcelo H. del Pilar (1850-1896) – He was a prominent journalist and editor of Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog Newspaper) in 1882.
José Rizal (1861-1896) – Rizal is one of the most influential figures of the Propaganda Movement.
La Solidaridad - organization ceased publication in 1895 due to a lack of financial support and declining influence.
La Liga Filipina - rizal founder
Dapitan - Rizal was arrested and exiled to
Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897) – Bonifacio is known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution," He founded the Katipunan (Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) in 1892
Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) – Aguinaldo led Filipino forces against the Spanish during the latter stages of the revolution and later became the first president of the First Philippine Republic