German 3 Finals Review

Praeteritum:

Praeteritum = past tense

The verb does not change position, just the conjugation/ spelling

********Remove the en/n ending and add the endings***********

******* Add an “e” before the ending if the stem ends in: -d or -t*********

Perfekt:

Perfekt is still past tense but it shows motion

If the verb is a motion verb then replace the verb with sein (conjugated) then move the og verb to the end of the sentence

If the verb is not a motion verb then replace the verb with haben (conjugated) then move the og verb to the end of the sentence

When it’s a separable prefix move the og verb before it.

Conjugation of haben:

Conjugation of Sein:

Genitiv:

Genetiv: used to show possession (only with nouns not proper nouns)

“der“ & “das“one-syllable words add an -es ending to the noun

“der“ & “das“ two-syllable words add an -s ending to the noun

“die“ words remain the same

Word Order: the object precedes the owner (opposite of english)

• EX: the brother’s car > der Bruder, das Auto > das Auto des Brudes

Conjunctions:

1A Koordinierende Konjunktionen:

• aber- but

• oder- or

• sondern- but

• und- and

• denn- because, since, for

• Usage: subject + verb (+ other parts of the sentence)+coordinating conjunction + subject + verb (+ other sentence parts)

• EX: Er singt lider. Ich spiele Gitzrre (und)/ Er singt Lider, und ich spiele Gitarre.

2A Koordinierende Konjunktionen:

• Forms of things do not change

• The order when the main sentence comes first: the main sentence has its normal word order. The clause has the verb going to the end of the clause

• Main Sentence Comes First EX: Ich dusche mich. +Ich gehe zur Schule. (bevor) = Ich dusche mich, bevor ich zur Schule gehe (one verb moves.)

• Clause comes first EX: (bevor) Ich gehe zur Schule. + Ich dusche mich. = Bevor ich zur Schule gehe, dusche ich mich (two verbs move).

da/wo compounds:

• when the preposition refers to a thing or idea

da compounds: da compounds are combined with a preposition in place of a prepositional phrase that refers to an inanimate object. EX: Ich fahre durch die Stadt → Ich fahre dadurch.

Wo-compounds: used in questions in which they replace a prepositional phrase. The Wo- compounds is used as the question word. EX: Peter hat auf den Zug gewartet. →Worauf hat er gewartet?

Relative Pronouns:

• Combine 2 statements about the same subject into a single sentence

• Separate a relative clause from the main clause with a comma

• Put the conjugated verb at the end

• May come in the middle of a main clause (put commas before and after relative clause)

The German School System:

uses numbers 1-6 instead of letters 1 is the best

1st. Kindergarten: age 3-5 optional/daycare

2nd Grundschule: years 1-4, stay with all periods/set classroom, only get grades for math and german

3 options from here, students are placed by the elementary school and if the parent disgrees, the student must take and pass a difficult placement test

The German Political Parties Explained:

6 main parties (only one with seats the national parliament)

small parties are too regional, don't have seats in parliament, or too small

SPD: Big part of the central left. Oldest party in Germany, being the part of solidarity, focus on blue-collar worker

CDU: right wing,most of the chanclers have been CDU, chulturaly Christian, concerned with tradition, frugal spending and police, they are more moderate,

FDP: leans centrist/ middle, stand for freedom,made of social liberals economic liberals and national liberals, agree that the individual should be the main point, lower taxes, people like start up business people, big shot business people and upper/middle class usually vote for the FDP, kingmaker/ breaks tie when voting in elections

The Greens: came into existence in 1980’s, teamed up with SDP, made of fundis and realos, support feminsim,

1989: the reunification of East and West Germany

Die Linke: one of the only parties that survived the reuniting of Germany, from the east, if they were to be grouped the would align with SPD/ Gruene, associated with fighting poverty, fight for higher wages, and support of the Russian regime

SED: the old part of communist East Germny, not outlawed, rebranded to SED, no one liked this new party, they only had support from nostalgic/ sympathetic people who wanted the “way it was“

Socialism: tries to overcome capitalism

Social Democracy: tries to rein in its destructive powers

AFD: founded by right wing conservatives, made in 2013, wanted to get rid of the Euro as a monetary system, other 5 parties agree on the Europian Union, economic systems, and the environment, quickly taken over by far right extremist, became more nazi and racist, all other parties want to distant themselves from the AFD,

Why the German Election is so Complicated:

The Madness of King Ludwig II:

• He is from Bevaria

• The Neuschwanstein was commissioned in 1869 (not medieval)

• Obssesed with fairytails

• Known as the Swan King, Fairy Tale King, and mostly the Mad king

• Younger Brother was Otto

• Mother and Father did not know how to intereact with their children.

• Child hood walls decerated with myths and fairy tails

• Loved wagner’s muicals

• Father died on March 10th, 1864

• at 18 he became King

• Only childhood friend was his cousin, Elizabeth

• Sent a ruby ring to wagner when wagner was on the run

• King Ludwig invited Wagner into his home and made him write

• Prussia was the strongest state in “germany“

• He liked the title of king but not the duties that come with it

• He chose to support Austria in the war

• Prussia won the war

• Was going to mary sophia but said he would rather drown than marry

• Ludwig canceled the marriage

• Seemed to be more attracted to men

• After his grandfather died Ludwig received some money and spent it on the Neuschwanstein.

• He hired a stage designer to model his castle

• ‘Throne Room‘ never had a throne

• war broke out between Prussia and France in 1970

• Wilheilm (Ludwig’s uncle)was the emperor of the second reich (unified germany)

• Linderhof Palace was the only construction he lived to see completed

• first wave mahcine and generator in the Grotto at Linderhof (the realistic fake cave)

• In his older age he slept during the day, visited peasents houses after dark, put on plays for himself, and cultivated a walk like Luoi the 13th

• Prentended to dinw with historical figures

• borrowed 8 million Marks from the German People

• Prime Minister Lutz decided Ludwig be removed of power

• The king was only decalred insane based on reports from servants

• King Ludwig and the doctor were mysteriously found dead in Stranberg Lake

• “official“ conclusion said that Ludwig killed the doctor then killed himself

• 7 weeks after, all ludwig’s buidling s were open to the public