health science

Unit 1:

What was Hippocrates known for?

The father of medicine


Explain what “informed consent” is.

Is permission granted voluntarily by a person who is of sound mind granted voluntarily by a person has the right to withdraw consent at anytime


What are the 4 primary ethical principles?

-beneficence

-nonmaleficence

-autonomy

-justice


Explain the difference between libel and slander.

Libel- false written statements that causes a person ridicule or contempt or causes damage to the person's reputation

Slander- spoken comment that causes a person ridicule or contempt or damages the person's reputation


What is the difference between contract law and torts?

Contract is an agreement between two or more parties. Has 3 parts offer, acceptance, and consideration. Tort is a wrongful act that does not involve a contract. Called civil wrong instead of crime



List the 7 body cavities and give an example of what they contain.

  1. Dorsal cavity located on back of the body divided into two sections

  2. Cranial cavity contains the brain

  3. Spinal cavity contains the spinal cord

  4. Ventral cavity bigger than dorsal separated into two

  5. Thoracic cavity located in the chest and contains the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, hear, and large blood vessels

  6. Abdominal cavity contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, live, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

  7. Pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine


List three body planes and describe how they split the body.

  1. Midsagittal plane left and right

  2. Transverse plane up and down

  3. Frontal plane front and back


Define the directional terms:

Superior-body parts above other parts

Inferior- body parts below other parts

Anterior-body parts in front of the plane, or on the front of the body

Posterior-body parts on the back of the body 

Distal-body parts distant from the point of reference 

Proximal-body parts close to the point of reference

Medial-body parts close to the midline, or plane

Lateral-body parts away from the midline


List each body system and describe its primary function

Integumentary-or skin, has been called both a membrane, because it covers the body, and an organ, because it contains several kinds of tissues

Skeletal-bones, perform framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, and storage

Muscular-muscles are bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue. Excitability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity

Nervous-coordinates all the activities of the body. Enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body

Cardiovascular-provides circulation of blood throughout body

Lymphatic-consist of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissue. This system works in conjunction with the circulatory system to remove wastes and excess fluids from the tissue

Respiratory-constd of the lungs and air passages. The system is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells, and removing carbon dioxide, a gas.

Digestive-known as the gastrointestinal system, is responsible for the physical and chemical breakdown of food so that it can be taken into the bloodstream and used by body cells and tissues.

Urinary-know as the excretory system is responsible or removing certain wastes and excess water from the body and for maintaining the body's acid base balance

Endocrine-consists of a group of ductless (without tubes) glands that secrete substances directly into other bloodstream

Reproductive-is to produce new life.


Define Hospice.

Agencies provide care for people who are terminally ill and who usually have life expectancies of 6 months or less


What is important to know about the Hierarchy of Needs?

You must fully complee a level befor you can go to the next one

Define “Growth” according to human growth and development.

Measurable physical changes that occur throughout a person's life



List and define these indirect defense mechanisms:

Projection-involves placing the blame for one's own actions or inadequacies on someone else or on circumstances rather than accepting responsibility for the actions

Displacement-involves transferring feeling about one person to someone else

Denial-involves disbelief of an even or idea that is too frightening or shocking for a person to cope with

Suppression-similar to repression but the individual is aware of the unacceptable feelings or thoughts and refuses to deal \with them


List the following of Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development and their “major life stage”


School-age-industry vs inferiority

Adolescence-identity vs role confusion

Young adulthood-intimacy vs isolation

Middle adulthood-generativity vs stagnation


What are the 6 main classifications of pathogenic microorganisms?

1.bacteria

2.fungi

3.protozoa

4.worms

5.virus

6.prions


What are the six links in the chain of infection?

1.infectious agent

2.reservoir

3.portal of exit

4.mode of transmission

5.portal of entry

6.susceptible host


Why is proper hand washing so important?

Do we don't share our germs with other people or things, and get rid of them


Identify the layers of a tooth.

Enamel protective outer covering of tooth

Dentin layer right under the enamel

Pulp connective tissue connecting to the center of tooth

Cementum hard layer that helps the ligament attach to the tooth