Fatty ACID QUESTIONS

Module: Fatty Acid Metabolism

Emulsification of Fatty Acids

  • Which of the following emulsifies fatty acids in the small intestine?

    • Lecithin

    • Bile salts

    • Lipoprotein lipase

    • Serum albumin

Lipid Transporters from the Small Intestine

  • Primary transporters of lipids from the small intestine to other parts of the body are:

    • A. Acyl transferases

    • B. Fatty acid transferases

    • C. Chylomicrons

    • D. Serum albumins

Lipid Transporters from Adipose Tissue

  • Primary transporters of lipids from adipose tissue to other parts of the body are:

    • A. Acyl transferases

    • B. Fatty acid transferases

    • C. Chylomicrons

    • D. Serum albumins

ATP Requirements for Myristic Acid Catabolism

  • How many moles of ATP equivalents are required for the catabolism of one mole of myristic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH) via the β-oxidation pathway (including the Citric Acid Cycle)?

    • A. 26

    • B. 7

    • C. 21

    • D. 27

Transport of Fatty Acids into Mitochondria

  • Fatty acids are attached to ___ for transport from the cytosol into the mitochondria.

    • A. Coenzyme A

    • Activates it to fatty acyl-CoA needed to move into mitochondria, then turned back into fatty acyl-CoA.

    • B. Creatine

    • C. Carnitine

    • D. Serum albumin

β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids

  • Which of the following is true of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

    • A. In a single round, one molecule of FADH₂ and one molecule of NADPH are produced.

    • B. It is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

    • C. Fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon units.

    • D. It occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.

    • Occurs in matrix; NADH and FADH₂ produced are not the same.

ATP Yield from a Cycle of β-Oxidation

  • How many ATP equivalents does one cycle of β-oxidation of fatty acids yield?

    • A. 1

    • B. 2

    • C. 3

    • D. 4

ATP Yield from the Citric Acid Cycle

  • One cycle of the Citric Acid Cycle yields how many ATP equivalents?

    • A. 2.5

    • B. 4

    • C. 7.5

    • D. 10

ATP Formation from Saturated Fatty Acids

  • For each two-carbon increase in the length of a saturated fatty acid, how many additional moles of ATP can be formed upon complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acid to CO₂ and H₂O (including the Citric Acid Cycle)?

    • A. 2.5

    • B. 4

    • C. 10

    • D. 14

    • Total ATP counted includes all the forms of energy conversion (NADH, FADH₂).

NADH Production in Myristic Acid Catabolism

  • How many moles of NADH are formed in the catabolism of one mole of myristic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH) via the β-oxidation pathway (including the Citric Acid Cycle)?

    • A. 26

    • B. 7

    • C. 21

    • D. 27

FADH₂ Production from β-Oxidation

  • How many moles of FADH₂ are formed from the catabolism of CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH via β-oxidation and the CAC?

    • A. 7

    • B. 8

    • C. 15

    • D. 24

    • E. 31

Cycles of β-Oxidation for Oleic Acid

  • How many cycles of β-oxidation are required for the complete oxidation of activated oleic acid, 18:1(Δ9)?

    • A. 1

    • B. 8

    • C. 9

    • D. 17

Acetyl-CoA Production from Saturated Fatty Acids

  • How many moles of acetyl-CoA are formed by the β-oxidation of one mole of a fully-saturated, straight-chain fatty acid of 11 carbons?

    • A. 4

    • B. 5

    • C. 9

    • D. 7

Odd-Numbered Fatty Acid Catabolism

  • When a fatty acid with an odd number of carbon atoms is catabolized, the product after the last cycle of β-oxidation is …

    • A. Acetyl-CoA

    • B. Biotin

    • C. Coenzyme A

    • D. Propionyl-CoA

    • E. Vitamin B12

Energy Yield from Different Fatty Acids

  • From which of the following fatty acids would the energy yield from β-oxidation be lowest?

    • A. Stearic acid (18:0)

    • B. Oleic acid (18:1)

    • C. Linoleic acid (18:2)

    • D. Linolenic acid (18:3)

Cofactor for Propionyl-CoA Conversion

  • What cofactor is required for the conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA?

    • A. Carnitine

    • B. Coenzyme A

    • C. Coenzyme B12

    • D. Intrinsic factor

    • E. NAD

Inhibition of Fatty Acid Transport

  • An elevated level of ___ inhibits the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria.

    • A. Carnitine

    • B. Malonyl-CoA

    • Inhibits transport by blocking carnitine shuttle and binding of fatty acyl-CoA to carnitine.

    • C. Coenzyme-A

    • D. Acetyl-CoA

Regulation of Fatty Acid Catabolism

  • The primary negative modulator/regulator of fatty acid catabolism is ___, and the secondary negative modulators/regulators are ___.

    • A. Acetyl-CoA, carnitine

    • B. Acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA

    • C. Acetyl-CoA, NADH

    • D. Malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA & NADH

    • E. Malonyl-CoA, carnitine

Ketone Bodies

  • Which of the following is not a Ketone Body?

    • A. Acetoacetate

    • B. Acetone

    • C. Diphenyl ketone

    • D. D-B-hydroxybutyrate

Formation of Ketone Bodies

  • Ketone bodies are most likely to be formed when the cellular concentration of ___ is high and that of ___ is low.

    • A. Glucose, fatty acids

    • B. Fatty acids, acetyl-CoA

    • C. Acetyl-CoA, glucose or oxaloacetate

    • D. Coenzyme A, glucose

    • E. Glucose, coenzyme A