History Charts for French

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| Iberians (Ligurians) | One of the earliest groups in Gaul; mainly in the Rhône basin and Alpine lake regions | Built menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs (large stone monuments); lake dwellings | Olive skin, dark hair, short stature; known as fast runners | Agriculture (corn, barley, flax); raised pigs, sheep, goats | Worshipped nature: earth, sun, moon, stars, and fire | Very attached to the land; villages often near water and fields |

| Celts | Came from around the Baltic Sea; migrated into Gaul and conquered many Iberians | Adopted many Iberian monuments and customs | Large and numerous warriors | Warriors and conquerors but also farmers | Nature-based religion and traditions | Organized into clans and tribes; imposed their rules but adopted local customs |

| Gauls | Name given by the Romans to the Celtic tribes living in Gaul | Fortified towns like Lutetia (modern Paris); villages in forest clearings | Light skin, blond hair, blue eyes; very talkative | Farming, hunting, fishing, raising animals; making tools, weapons, and jewelry | Practiced Druidism; Druids served as priests, judges, and doctors; worshipped natural forces | Family-based society led by the father; loved war, travel, conversation, and feasting |

| Gauls | Romans |

| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |

| Not very disciplined in battle | Very disciplined and organized army |

| Many tribes with different leaders | One central leader |

| Mostly oral tradition (little writing) | Written language (Latin) |

| Simple villages and forts | Built roads, bridges, aqueducts, cities |

| Worshipped nature and druidism | Roman religion and later Christianity |

| Warriors who loved fighting and talking | Highly structured military and government |

| Gauls (before Rome) | Gallo-Romans (after conquest) |

| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |

| Tribal society | Roman-style cities and government |

| No widespread writing | Learned to read and write Latin |

| Villages in forests | Built towns, roads, aqueducts |

| Traditional druid religion | Eventually became Christian |

| Wore braies and colorful clothing | Adopted Roman clothing like the toga |

| Prehistoric People | Roman Gaul |

| ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |

| Lived in caves or lake villages | Lived in cities and towns |

| Hunting, fishing, basic farming | Advanced agriculture and trade |

| Stone monuments | Roads, bridges, aqueducts |

| Simple tools | Improved technology and engineering |

| Menhirs | Dolmens | Cromlechs |

| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |

| Single upright stone | Horizontal stone resting on vertical stones | Circle of standing stones |

| Possibly solar calendar | Used as tombs | Religious or ceremonial use |

| Druids | Warriors |

| -------------------------- | ---------------------------- |

| Priests, judges, doctors | Fighters and defenders |

| Led religious rituals | Led battles |

| Educated and respected | Known for bravery |

| Preserved knowledge orally | Focused on warfare and honor |