422 Midterm

1. CHOOSE ONE: What is the central trade-off for the public identified in They Know Everything About You? 

Personal Autonomy for Security

2. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following best defines data mining? 

Government access of citizens’ mobile phone data

3. CHOOSE ONE: As discussed in They Know Everything About You, the Internet was initially developed by DARPA. What does “DARPA” stand for? 

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

4. FILL IN THE BLANKS: According to They Know Everything About You, the U.S. government used _____________________ as a reason to invade individual citizen’s privacy on the internet, citing the need to prevent _______________________.

the events of September 11, 2001; terrorist attacks

5. FILL IN THE BLANKS: The author of 1984 is ______________________ and the author of Brave New World is ______________________.

George Orwell; Aldous Huxley

6. CHOOSE ONE: In Riley v. California, Chief Justice John Roberts made which argument in his opinion as noted in They Know Everything About You? 

   1. The 4th Amendment extends beyond the physical world to the digital world.

7. CHOOSE ONE: What was the first sweeping defense of privacy in the United States, according to They Know Everything About You?

   1. Future U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis’ 1890 article in Harvard Law Journal

8. Which of the following is TRUE of how the Internet has impacted journalism, according to They Know Everything About You?

   1. Traditional journalism used the idea of a metaphorical “wall of separation” between the editorial content and the advertising department in order to avoid corrupting the integrity of newsgathering and truth telling, but the advertising model of the Internet removes the possibility of such walls, making online news content more driven by profit rather than honesty and accountability.
      
      

9. CHOOSE ONE: The 4th Amendment guards against which of the following? 

   1. Unreasonable searches and seizures by government only
      
      

10. CHOOSE ONE: In Chapter 6 of They Know Everything About You, the UK’s Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) entered the offices of which newspaper and destroyed computer hard drives in an effort to tamp down publication of of US and British intelligence files revealed by Edward Snowden in 2013?

    1. The Guardian

11. CHOOSE ONE: Documents released by Snowden to The Washington Post in the course of his whistleblowing revealed a massive “black budget,” which is defined as:

    1. expenditures for intelligence and national security agencies such as the NSA and the CIA that are not reviewable by the public, or even most members of Congress
       
       

12. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following were major revelations of Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing? 

    1. The scale of U.S. government surveillance of citizens

    2. The lack of clear separation between private company data and government surveillance

13. What did Edward Snowden do to trigger the espionage charges and accusations of treason?

    1. Released classified documents uncovering an array of secret global surveillance programs run by the U.S. government and allied spy agencies in willing collaboration with giant tech and telecom corporations

14. CHOOSE ONE: What was Edward Snowden’s job title prior to his whistleblowing? 

    1. A mid-level computer security consultant with high-level security clearances for the NSA as a former CIA employee and subcontractor for defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton
       
       

15. CHOOSE ONE: In Chapter 6 of They Know Everything About You, government officials like Nancy Pelosi long misrepresented the extent of domestic surveillance by claiming that the government limited data collection to: 

    2. Metadata only, rather than detailed contents

    3. 
       
       

16. CHOOSE ONE: As discussed in Chapter 6 of They Know Everything About You, what primary justification did the Obama administration ironically provide for heavily redacting documents in response to a FOIA request about domestic surveillance in July 2014?

    2. The desire to protect the privacy of government officials

17. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following best describes the response of the United Nations to the Snowden revelations, as discussed in They Know Everything About You?

    2. Snowden was praised as a defender of human rights by the UN Commissioner on Human Rights

18. TRUE / FALSE: As discussed in Chapter 7 of They Know Everything About You, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was waterboarded almost 200 times, but was never interviewed by members of the 9/11 commission about his motivations and beliefs. 

    1. True

    2. 
       
       

19. TRUE / FALSE: The Obama administration charged more Americans under the Espionage Act than all previous administrations combined.

    1. True

    2. 
       
       

20. CHOOSE ONE: What federal agency did John Kiriakou work for?

    2. CIA

21. CHOOSE ONE: Veteran agent John Kiriakou was treated like “a pariah” by his superiors in relation to his public criticism of what? 

    1. Waterboarding as torture

    2. 
       
       

22. CHOOSE ONE: Which presidential administration charged John Kiriakou with a crime?

    2. Obama administration

    3. 
       
       

23. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: To what crime did John Kiriakou plead guilty?

    2. Revealing the classified identity of a CIA officer

    3. 
       
       

24. CHOOSE ONE: How much of the Senate Intelligence Committee's investigation of the CIA's Enhanced Interrogation Techniques was released to the public?

    2. The executive summary only, with extensive redactions
       
       

25. CHOOSE ONE: How long is the Torture Report upon which the film The Report is based?

    2. 7,000 pages

26. TRUE/FALSE: In the business model of the internet, your information and data is the commodity being sold. You’re not the customer, you’re the mark.

    1. True

    2. 
       
       

27. CHOOSE ONE: Prof. Scheer’s favorite quote is from President George Washington’s farewell address, in which he warned against:

    2. “the impostures of pretended patriotism”

28. CHOOSE ONE: How best can we describe the relationship between “fake news” and the internet:

    2. Fake news is not new, but the internet has significantly accelerated its speed & reach
       
       

29. FILL IN THE BLANKS: As models of mass information distribution, the Post Office and telephone system are cited as examples of _________________, in contrast to the _____________ model of social media networks. 

    3. neutral conveyors ; content curation

30. CHOOSE ONE: What business model has been decimated by the Internet?

    2. print journalism

    3. 
       
       

31. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following figures leaked the Pentagon Papers in 1971, which included the U.S.’s top secret longstanding involvement and military miscalculations in Vietnam, in hopes that the American public would pressure their government to end the Vietnam War?

    2. Daniel Ellsburg

32. CHOOSE ONE: How long did John Kirakiau wait until he decided to blow the whistle?

    2. more than a year

    3. 
       
       

33. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: In They Everything About You, Scheer argues that whistleblowers:

    2. Help society

34. CHOOSE ONE: What was the name of the intelligence-gathering program at NSA which was discontinued in the wake of 9/11 in favor of a program with far fewer privacy protections for American citizens? (Hint: William Binney was involved in blowing the whistle).

    2. ThinThread

    3. 
       
       

35. CHOOSE ONE: In the case of Edward Snowden's disclosure of classified NSA documents, what was one of the main revelations that sparked widespread public concern?

    2. Mass surveillance programs infringing on privacy rights

    3. 
       
       

36. TRUE/FALSE: Julian Assange evaded extradition from the U.S., living freely in London.

    2. False
       
       

37. CHOOSE ONE: Which whistleblower was prosecuted with charges related to revelations about the CIA torture program?

    2. John Kiriakou
       
       

38. CHOOSE ONE: Which whistleblower is known for exposing classified information related to mass surveillance programs conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA) in the United States?

    2. Edward Snowden

    3. 
       
       

39. CHOOSE ONE: Which aspect of government surveillance did Edward Snowden primarily expose through leaked documents in 2013?

    1. Mass data collection on global communications

    2. 
       
       

40. CHOOSE ONE: What were the Pentagon Papers?

    2. A top-secret Pentagon study of U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War.

    3. 
       
       

41. CHOOSE ONE: According to They Know Everything About You, which of the following is true with regard to American capitalism, privacy and the Internet?

    1. American capitalism has been the driving force behind monetization of data, more specifically personal data, enabled by the Internet.
       
       

42. CHOOSE ONE: How does American capitalism impact major corporations' involvement in data gathering and surveillance?

    1. American capitalism leads corporations to engage in extensive data gathering  to maximize profits and market dominance.

43. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: How does American capitalism impact the press?

    1. It creates a cutthroat cycle in which newspapers prioritize profit over the quality of their information.
       
       

44. According to Professor Scheer, why was Chief Justice Roberts' decision on Riley v. California significant?

    1. The definition of one's private domicile as protected by the 4th Amendment was expanded to one's electronic devices.
       
       

45. TRUE/FALSE: Enhanced interrogation proved to be a successful way of gaining reliable information?

    1. False
       
       

46. TRUE/FALSE: The phrase “military-industrial-complex” refers to the socio-political influence of the private sector that develops and manufactures military arms.

    1. True
       
       

47. CHOOSE ONE: According to Professor Scheer, the Espionage Act:

    1. should not be used against whistleblowers as it can stifle transparency and accountability, discouraging individuals from exposing misconduct.

48. CHOOSE ONE: What is the main difference between George Orwell and Aldous Huxley’s visions of future and dystopian methods of control, as outlined in an open letter from Huxley to Orwell in 1949?

    1. Orwell's dystopia emphasizes control through fear and oppression, whereas Huxley's vision relies on control through pleasure and voluntary submission.
       
       

49. CHOOSE ONE: In They Know Everything About You, Robert Scheer explains that in the economy of data-mining, government agencies like the IRS, TSA, and NSA…

    1. Do actively participate in the data-mining trade, in collaboration with the private sector.
       
       

50. TRUE OR FALSE: The Fourth Amendment applies only to searches and seizures conducted by federal law enforcement agencies, not state or local authorities.

    1. False
       
       

51. TRUE/FALSE: In They Know Everything About You, Robert Scheer argues that the convenience of online activities, like shopping, has not led to any significant loss of personal liberties or privacy for Americans.

    1. False

52. CHOOSE ONE: How can the dystopic model proposed in Huxley's Brave New World be summarized?

    1. Endless consumerism, which lulls people in patterns of their lust and immediate desires.
       
       

53. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the Constitutional amendments does Professor Scheer reference throughout the class?

    1. First Amendment

    2. Fourth Amendment

54. CHOOSE ONE: In the case Riley v. California (2014), Chief Justice John Roberts and the Supreme Court ruled that:

    1. Law enforcement must obtain a warrant before searching the digital contents of an arrested individual's cell phone.
       
       

55. CHOOSE ONE: How is the Fourth Amendment intimately tied to our other class themes and discussions?

    1. The Fourth Amendment relates to unlawful searches and seizures by essentially protecting privacy; however, we examine whether or not the Fourth Amendment protects against seizures of people's data online.

56. TRUE/FALSE: John Kiriakou cites the internal culture of the CIA as a deterrent for whistleblowing.

    1. TRUE

57. FILL IN THE BLANKS. ______ designed Thin Thread in order to ______ the scope of ________. 

    1. Tom Drake; limit; government surveillance 

58. CHOOSE ONE: If Julian Assange was found guilty, it would have set a terrible precedent that put all _____ at risk.

    1. Journalists 

59. CHOOSE ONE: According to Professor Scheer, the business model of journalism is broken due to what?

    1.  The targeting of audiences through advertising 

60. CHOOSE ONE: Which U.S. President first uttered the phrase “military industrial complex”? 

    1. Eisenhower

61. CHOOSE ONE: John Kiriakou was the _____ whistleblower indicted by the Obama administration under the Espionage Act. 

    1. Sixth

62. Which of the following captures the significance of the Snowden revelations?

    1. Even though the 4th amendment protects you from unreasonable searches and seizures, the government can and does get a substantial amount of private information from commercial data brokers 

63. TRUE/FALSE: The purpose of UNESCO is to promote peace through the international sharing of cultural, educational and scientific achievements

1. TRUE

64. CHOOSE ONE: In our class discussion about the first U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO, in 1984, what did we identify as an explanation for major transformations within UN programs in its initial decades?

1. Decolonization

65. CHOOSE ONE: What is the main difference between George Orwell and Aldous Huxley’s dystopian visions of social control, as outlined in the open letter Huxley wrote to Orwell in 1949?

1. Orwell's dystopia portrays control through fear and domination; Huxley's portrays control through orchestrated  pleasure and voluntary submission.

66. CHOOSE ONE: In Chapter 8 of They Know Everything About You, Prof. Scheer notes that the point of Brave New World was that the public would come to accept intrusion as part of the normal fabric of life, even good for them. He then goes on to compare “old spying vs. new spying,” saying:

    1. Old spying had to be selective, targeted; new spying is like a high powered vacuum, scooping up all information even if it’s extraneous or incomprehensible

67. CHOOSE ONE: In the epilogue of They Know Everything About You, Prof. Scheer discusses The Stanford Center for Internet and Society’s Director of Privacy, Aleecia M. McDonald, who says what about the number of privacy advocates compared to the number of employees of for-profit internet companies?

    1. There are many different types of groups who advocate for privacy reform, but if you put all those groups together they wouldn’t fill one lunchroom at Google.

68. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following is true with regard to privacy and surveillance solutions going forward according to the epilogue of They Know Everything About You?

    1. All of the above

69. CHOOSE ONE: What does Professor Scheer mean when he says, "You are not the consumer, you are the mark" in regard to the internet?

    1. The main driving force of the internet is that it denies you agency, all while pretending it is extending your agency. You are being deceived into believing that your interests are the primary focus when all of your data is being collected and used. It is a cautionary statement.

70. CHOOSE ONE: In Chapter 8 of They Know Everything About You, Robert Scheer mentions that United States Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis believed that technological innovation's impact on privacy meant that: 

    1. The government's access to privately held information was ever increasing.

71. TRUE/FALSE: One of the central questions of this course is whether our society is heading for greater freedom or greater control.

    1. True

72. TRUE / FALSE: An “opt-out” model of data collection is generally considered to provide stronger privacy protections than an “opt-in” model.

    1. False

73.  CHOOSE ONE: Janet Yang is President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

1. True

74. FILL IN THE BLANKS: According to the Scheerpost podcast with Janet Yang, Greek philosophy emphasized __________, while Chinese philosophy emphasized __________.

    1. individual exceptionalism; interconnectedness

75. What does “AAPI” stand for?

    1. Asian American & Pacific Islander

76. TRUE / FALSE: As discussed in Chapter 7 of They Know Everything About You, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, was waterboarded almost 200 times, but was never interviewed by members of the 9/11 commission about his motivations and beliefs. 

    1. True

77. CHOOSE ONE: In what city was Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated, and why was he there? 

1. Memphis; to support the sanitation workers strike

78. CHOOSE ONE: What family dynasty used The Los Angeles Times to wield power in the early period of the city’s expansion?

1. The Chandlers

79. CHOOSE ONE: According to former CIA officer Ray McGovern, the crisis in Ukraine was provoked when NATO powers broke their promise not to expand eastward.

1. True

80. CHOOSE ONE: What political party did Palestinians in Gaza elect in 2006?

    1. Hamas

81. CHOOSE ONE: The state of Israel was founded in what year?

1. 1948

85. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following describes Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984 models of social control?

    1. Huxley proposed that humans would be tricked into embracing their own enslavement through the pursuit of sex and drugs. Orwell proposed that human compliance would be achieved through censorship, mind control, and violence.

86. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: According to the documentary Inventing L.A., what role did the Chandler family play in local politics?

    1. The family personally influenced local politics

    2. They used the LA Times to manage perspectives on local issues

87. CHOOSE ONE: Only 5 U.S. states have privacy laws. What are the five states?

    1. California, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah and Virginia

88. TRUE OR FALSE? In their respective books on futuristic dystopian societies, Orwell and Huxley generally reinforce the theme that a very strong and authoritative central government is often in citizens' best interest for national security and organization of daily life.

    1. False

89. CHOOSE ONE: According to the economic model of the Internet, what is the fundamental engine that drives profit?

    1. Data collection

90. TRUE/FALSE: Neither the government nor any private data brokers are able to track or look into your data without a proper warrant.

    1.  False

91. TRUE/FALSE: The documentary Inventing L.A.: The Chandlers and Their Times describes how the novel Ramona was used to foster a romanticized Spanish colonial imaginary to draw people to California.

    1. True 

92. CHOOSE ONE: In the introduction of Professor Scheer's book They Know Everything About You. he mentions that the economic model of the internet has equated ______ with _____. Which of the following terms belong in this statement?

    1. surveillance; autonomy

93. TRUE OR FALSE: The FBI devised an intimidation strategy intended to get MLK to kill himself because the agency saw him as a threat to America.

    1. True

94. CHOOSE ONE: According to the film MLK/FBI, under what guise did the FBI launch an investigation against Martin Luther King Jr?

    1. Potential involvement with the Communist party

95. CHOOSE ONE: What did the FBI’s fabricated letter to MLK urge him to do?

    1. Commit suicide to escape the ruination of his career and personal life

96. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: How did the FBI work to undermine Martin Luther King Jr.?

    1. Sent him a tape recording of King participating in an affair

    2. Sent him a letter to encourage him to commit suicide

97. CHOOSE ONE: The FBI had surveilled Martin Luther King Jr. using which of the following methods?

    1. All of the above

98. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following start-up tech companies in Silicon Valley mentioned in They Know Everything About You is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency? 

    1. Radio Shack

99. CHOOSE ONE: What FBI Director led the surveillance campaign against Martin Luther King Jr.?

1. J Edgar Hoover 

100. CHOOSE ONE: What of the following best describes King's reaction after finding out gruesome details of the Vietnam War in a copy of Ramparts magazine?

     1. He decided to speak out against the war, breaking his silence on the issue

101. CHOOSE ONE: The film MLK/FBI explains that Dr. King read a magazine showing images of napalm bombing and this prompted him to go public with his opposition to what war?

     1. Vietnam War

102. CHOOSE ONE: What was the name of Dr. King's advisor who was suspected of being associated with the Communist Party?

     1. Stanley Levison

103. CHOOSE ONE: When Edward Snowden was in the Moscow airport after he blew the whistle and exposed the threat of privacy, what did the U.S. State Department do so that Snowden would not flee to another country?

     1. They took away/lifted his passport

104. True or False: The War on Terror led to a significant expansion of surveillance activities by governments, including the implementation of controversial programs like the USA PATRIOT Act, which granted authorities broader powers to monitor and collect data on suspected terrorists and individuals deemed potential threats to national security.

     1. True

105. CHOOSE ONE: In "An Open Letter from Editors and Publishers," why are the authors of the letter concerned with the government's prosecution of Julian Assange?

     1. They believe it sets a dangerous precedent of criminalizing the work of publishers

106. CHOOSE ONE: What did whistleblower Edward Snowden discover?

     1. The National Security Association (NSA) was paying companies for access to their telecommunication networks to reveal US citizen’s data.

107. CHOOSE ONE: Julian Assange sought asylum in which embassy to avoid extradition?

     1. Ecuadorian Embassy

108. TRUE OR FALSE? President Obama praised Edward Snowden for courage, stating that as a country, we need more individuals with a strong conscience.

     1. False

109. CHOOSE ONE: What event served as a catalyst for the implementation of extensive surveillance such as those authorized by the Patriot Act?

     1. 9/11 attacks

110. CHOOSE ONE: Edward Snowden was at risk of being _____ if he had shown up to speak at his TED Talk:

     1. Extradited

111. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following best conveys what the Espionage Act made it a crime to do?

     1. To convey information with the intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote its enemies' success.

112. CHOOSE ONE: Which technique did Cambridge Analytica employ for data analysis and targeted advertising?

     1. Social Media Profiling

113. True/False: Cambridge Analytica used social media to influence political behaviors during the Brexit campaign.

     1. True

114. CHOOSE ONE: What company was accused of collecting millions of people's personal data on Facebook without their consent to target them with political advertising?

     1. Cambridge Analytica

115. TRUE OR FALSE? Both Obama's and Trump's presidential campaigns utilized personal data in advertising to help win their respective elections?

     1. True 

116. CHOOSE ONE: The purpose of Cambridge Analytica harvesting Facebook users' data was to:

     1. Target them with political ads to sway their votes

117. CHOOSE ONE: What was the primary content of the Pentagon Papers?

     1. Exposé on the Vietnam War, including government deception and decision-making 

118. CHOOSE ONE: Who was Daniels Ellsberg's employer when he began contributing to the top secret study “Pentagon Papers” that were released in 1971?

     1. RAND Corporation

119. CHOOSE ONE: What newspaper first published the Pentagon Papers?

     1. The New York Times

120. CHOOSE ONE: How did the CIA approach getting information from Abu Zubaydah?

     1. Utilizing harsh and brutal tactics

121. CHOOSE ONE: During the guest lecture with John Kiriakou, what was the reason he stated for the FBI and CIA not working well with one another pre and post 9/11?  PROBABLY NOT ON 

     1. There were professional jealousies and pettiness.

122. CHOOSE ONE: How did the approaches of the FBI and CIA compare when obtaining information from prisoners post-9/11? The FBI used building rapport, while the CIA utilized torture techniques.

1. The FBI used building rapport, while the CIA utilized torture techniques.

123. CHOOSE ONE: What method was NOT used by the CIA during their enhanced interrogation program?

1. rapport-building

124. CHOOSE ONE: Which of the following phrases did Donald Trump introduce into public discourse in response to the “Russiagate” scandal?

1. "Fake News”

125. TRUE/FALSE: It has been confirmed in a court of law that Donald Trump colluded with Russia to influence the results of the 2016 Presidential Election.

     2. False

126. CHOOSE ONE: Which official report was concerned with the investigations of Russian interference in the 2016 election?

     1. The Mueller Report

127. TRUE/FALSE: Problems of fake news and deception originated largely with the invention and widespread adoption of the Internet.

1. False

128. CHOOSE ONE:  What is the central message Sandy Tolan conveys in his reporting on Gaza?

1. Focus on the human impact of conflict

129.  CHOOSE ONE: Which foreign country was linked to the 2016 Trump presidential campaign, and was the subject of collusion investigations as discussed in the articles by Jeff Gerth?

1. Russia

130. TRUE OR FALSE: The term "opt-out" refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information (VPNs, disabling GPS, not accepting cookies, etc).

     1. True

131. CHOOSE ONE: What does Huxley argue to Orwell in his letter from October 21, 1949?

     1. The dystopian vision in Brave New World is more likely to occur than the one presented in 1984

132. CHOOSE ONE: What is the focus of the film The Gatekeepers?

     1. The film profiles former agents from Shin Bet, Israel’s Security Agency

133. CHOOSE ONE: Natasha Hakimi Zapata’s book Another World Is Possible explores successful policies in other countries that she argues can be the basis for policy innovations to address crises in the United States. She explains that her motivation for this work was:

1. The experience of her mother requiring medical care without health insurance

134. CHOOSE ONE: During his guest visit to our class, Viet Nguyen described that after the American War in Vietnam, U.S. foreign policy applied lessons from that experience to its interventions elsewhere, and highlighted U.S. intervention in what country?

1. Nicaragua

2. El Salvador

135. TRUE/FALSE: The Institute for Creative Technologies is a research center at the University of Southern California founded by the Pentagon in 1999 to develop new tools for training soldiers in the U.S. military.

1. True

136. FILL IN THE BLANK: In Chapter Two of They Know Everything About You, Professor Scheer notes Section 215 of ________, which allows the government to obtain secret court orders requiring an entity or person to turn over “any tangible things… for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities” 

1. The Patriot Act

137. CHOOSE ONE: Who made the following remark: “If you have something that you don’t want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn’t be doing it in the first place”?

1. Eric Schmidt

138. CHOOSE ONE: When Viet Nguyen spoke with our class, he invoked the following quote: “There’s really no such thing as the ‘voiceless.’ There are only the deliberately silenced or the preferably unheard.” To whom is this quote attributed?

1. Arundhati Roy

139. CHOOSE ONE: Who is Israel’s current Prime Minister?

Benjamin Netanyahu