French Oral Exam Prep: Verbs, Vocabulary & Conversation Notes

The Present Tense: Avoir and Être These are the two most frequently used verbs in French.

  • Avoir (to have)
    • j'ai (IhaveI have)
    • tu as (you(singular,informal)haveyou (singular, informal) have)
    • il/elle/on a (he/she/ithas;wehavehe/she/it has; we have)
    • nous avons (wehavewe have)
    • vous avez (you(plural,formal)haveyou (plural, formal) have)
    • ils/elles ont (theyhavethey have)
  • Être (to be)
    • je suis (IamI am)
    • tu es (you(singular,informal)areyou (singular, informal) are)
    • il/elle/on est (he/she/itis;wearehe/she/it is; we are)
    • nous sommes (wearewe are)
    • vous êtes (you(plural,formal)areyou (plural, formal) are)
    • ils/elles sont (theyarethey are)

Famille Vocabulaire (Family Vocabulary)

  • la grand-mère (grandmothergrandmother)
  • la mère (mothermother)
  • la sœur (sistersister)
  • le/la petit(e) ami(e) (boyfriend/girlfriendboyfriend/girlfriend)
  • le fils (sonson)
  • le fils/la fille unique (onlychildonly child)
  • le frère (brotherbrother)
  • le grand-père (grandfathergrandfather)
  • le neveu (nephewnephew)
  • le père (fatherfather)

Loisirs/Verbes de Vocabulaire (Hobbies/Verb Vocabulary)

  • l'équitation (F) (horseridinghorse riding)
  • tricher (tocheatto cheat)
  • faire du vélo (tocycleto cycle)
  • pratiquer un sport (todoasportto do a sport - less formal, or 'to play a sport')
  • faire une randonnée / se promener (togoonawalkto go on a walk)
  • perdre (toloseto lose)
  • courir (torunto run)
  • marquer un but (toscoreagoalto score a goal)
  • s'entraîner (totrainto train)
  • gagner (towinto win)

La Ville Vocabulaire (City Vocabulary)

  • les transports (m) en commun (publictransportpublic transport)
  • le marché (marketmarket - Note: pay attention to pronunciation)
  • le magasin (shop/storeshop/store)
  • le centre-ville (town/citycentretown/city centre)
  • la poste (postofficepost office)
  • la campagne (countrysidecountryside)
  • la boulangerie (bakerybakery)
  • la boucherie (butchersbutcher's)
  • la bibliothèque (librarylibrary)
  • en banlieue (inthesuburbsin the suburbs)
  • propre (cleanclean)
  • déchets (trash/wastetrash/waste)
  • bruit (noisenoise)
  • fermé (closedclosed)

English Possessive to French

These describe ownership or relationship and change based on the noun they modify:

  • (my) Ma maman (MymomMy mom - used for feminine singular nouns)
  • (my) mon armoire (MywardrobeMy wardrobe - used for feminine singular nouns starting with a vowel sound)
  • (your) Tes parents (Your(informal)parentsYour (informal) parents - used for plural nouns)
  • (his/her) son grand-père (His/hergrandfatherHis/her grandfather - used for masculine singular nouns)
  • (our) notre Dame de Paris (OurNotreDameofParisOur Notre Dame of Paris - used for all singular nouns)
  • (your) vos professeurs (Your(formal/plural)teachersYour (formal/plural) teachers - used for all plural nouns)
  • (their) leur problème (TheirproblemTheir problem - used for singular nouns)

Object Pronouns

Object pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition and make sentences more concise.

  • le/la (him,her,ithim, her, it) - direct object (masculine/feminine singular)
  • les (themthem) - direct object (plural)
  • lui (tohim/herto him/her) - indirect object (singular)
  • leur (tothemto them) - indirect object (plural)
  • y (therethere) - replaces a place/location
  • en (someofit/themsome of it/them) - refers to quantity or things introduced by 'de'

Examples with Translations:

  • Je la déteste. (Ihateher/it.I hate her/it.) - Here, 'la' replaces a feminine direct object.
  • Je ne l'aime pas. (Idontlikeit.I don't like it.) - Elision of 'le/la' before a vowel sound.
  • Je les ai. (Ihavethem.I have them.) - 'les' replaces a plural direct object.
  • Je lui parle en français. (Italktohim/herinFrench.I talk to him/her in French.) - 'lui' replaces a singular indirect object (to him/to her).
  • Je leur donne des cadeaux. (Igivethemgifts.I give them gifts.) - 'leur' replaces a plural indirect object (to them).
  • J'y suis allée hier. (Iwentthereyesterday.I went there yesterday.) - 'y' replaces a place/location.
  • J'en ai bu ce matin. (Idranksomethismorning.I drank some this morning.) - 'en' refers to 'some' quantity of the drink.
  • Je la leur offre. (Igiveittothem.I give it to them.) - Combination of direct ('la') and indirect ('leur') object pronouns.

Practice Examples:

  1. J'aime les. (Ilovethem.I love them.)
  2. Tu aimes l'? (Doyoulikeit?Do you like it?)
  3. Elle regarde le. (Shewatcheshim.She watches him.)
  4. Nous l'avons. (Wehaveit.We have it.)
  5. Je lui donne les devoirs. (Igivehim/herthehomework.I give him/her the homework.)
  6. Je leur ai parlé. (Ispoketothem.I spoke to them.)
  7. J'en ai vu hier. (Isawsomeyesterday.I saw some yesterday.)
  8. J'y vais demain. (Imgoingtheretomorrow.I'm going there tomorrow.)

Conversation Questions & Answers (Oral Exam Prep)

Sample Q&A for Oral Exams
  1. Quel est ton cours préféré cette année ? (Whatisyourfavoriteclassthisyear?What is your favorite class this year?)
    • Mon cours préféré cette année est l'anglais parce que j'aime lire et écrire. (MyfavoriteclassthisyearisEnglishbecauseIlikereadingandwriting.My favorite class this year is English because I like reading and writing.)
  2. Quel cours trouves-tu ennuyeux ? (Whichclassdoyoufindboring?Which class do you find boring?)
    • Je trouve les maths un peu ennuyeuses parce que c'est difficile et il y a beaucoup de devoirs. (Ifindmathabitboringbecauseitsdifficultandtheresalotofhomework.I find math a bit boring because it's difficult and there's a lot of homework.)
  3. Qu'est-ce que tu penses des maths? (Whatdoyouthinkofmath?What do you think of math?)
    • Je pense que les maths sont importantes, mais parfois compliquées. (Ithinkmathisimportant,butsometimescomplicated.I think math is important, but sometimes complicated.)
  4. Est-ce que tu as une activité périscolaire ? (Doyouhaveanextracurricularactivity?Do you have an extracurricular activity?)
    • Oui, je fais du sport après l'école. J'aime jouer au basket avec mes amis. (Yes,Idosportsafterschool.Ilikeplayingbasketballwithmyfriends.Yes, I do sports after school. I like playing basketball with my friends.)
  5. Qu'est-ce que tu veux faire ce week-end? (Whatdoyouwanttodothisweekend?What do you want to do this weekend?)
    • Ce week-end, je veux sortir avec mes amis et regarder un film. (Thisweekend,Iwanttogooutwithmyfriendsandwatchafilm.This weekend, I want to go out with my friends and watch a film.)
      These answers are designed to be clear, easy to memorize, and provide vocabulary variety for oral exams. Using connectors like aussi (also), mais (but), parce que (because), parfois (sometimes) can enhance fluency.
Additional Questions for Oral Exams
  1. Quelles matières étudies-tu? (Whatsubjectsdoyoustudy?What subjects do you study?)
    • J'étudie les mathématiques, l'anglais, l'histoire, les sciences, le français et l'EPS. (Istudymathematics,English,history,sciences,French,andPE.I study mathematics, English, history, sciences, French, and PE.)
  2. Quelle(s) matière(s) aimes-tu? Pourquoi? (Whichsubject(s)doyoulike?Why?Which subject(s) do you like? Why?)
    • J'aime les sciences parce que c'est intéressant et utile. (Ilikesciencesbecauseitsinterestinganduseful.I like sciences because it's interesting and useful.)
  3. Quelle(s) matière(s) n'aimes-tu pas? Pourquoi? (Whichsubject(s)doyounotlike?Why?Which subject(s) do you not like? Why?)
  4. Quelle est ta matière préférée? Pourquoi? (Whatisyourfavoritesubject?Why?What is your favorite subject? Why?)