September 17th, 1862
North: General McClellan
South: General Robert E. Lee
Emancipation Proclamation: Declared freedom for all slaves
Confederate soldier dropped the entire plan for the battle plan of Antietam that was rolled in cigars and northern soldiers found it
the north’s advantage plan failed because he was too slow
Union-87,000 soldiers
confederate-45,000 soldiers
132,000 engaged
bloodiest battle on american soil in history
12,500- union deaths
13,700- confederate deaths
The full battle lasted 12 hours, ending it with a Union victory and the Confederates retreat

The Battle of Antietam was a turning point in the Civil War, with the Union gaining a crucial victory. General McClellan's slow movements had almost cost them the battle, but the discovery of the Confederate battle plan gave them an advantage. The Emancipation Proclamation had been issued just days before, declaring freedom for all slaves in Confederate territory. The staggering number of casualties on both sides was a sobering reminder of the cost of war. The Union had lost 12,500 soldiers, while the Confederates had lost 13,700. The battle lasted for 12 hours, and ended with the Confederates retreating. Despite the victory, the Union had missed an opportunity to deal a decisive blow to the Confederacy, and the war would continue for several more years.

Siege of Vicksburg

Date	Location	Generals	Strategy+Battles	Outcome
March 29- July 4, 1863 (47 days, last day was the same day as Gettysburg)	Vicksburg, Mississippi and surrounding areas	North: Ulysses S. GrantSouth: John C. Pemberton	Anaconda Plan: involved splitting the Confederate states. Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. Battle of Grand Gulf, Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Snyder’s Bluff, Battle of Raymond, Battle of Jackson, Battle of Champion Hill, The Siege of Vicksburg	Union victory

The Siege of Vicksburg was a significant battle during the American Civil War that took place from May 18 to July 4, 1863. Here are some key points about the siege:

Location: Vicksburg, Mississippi, on the east bank of the Mississippi River.
Combatants: Union Army of the Tennessee, commanded by General Ulysses S. Grant, versus Confederate Army of Mississippi, commanded by General John C. Pemberton.
Objectives: The Union wanted to gain control of the Mississippi River, which would split the Confederacy in two. Vicksburg was a key stronghold that prevented Union ships from passing.
Tactics: The Union army surrounded Vicksburg and cut off all supply lines. They bombarded the city with artillery and dug trenches to get closer to the Confederate defenses. The Confederates held out for 47 days, but eventually ran out of food and ammunition.
Outcome: On July 4, 1863, Pemberton surrendered to Grant, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and splitting the Confederacy in two. The victory at Vicksburg was a turning point in the war.
Casualties: The Union suffered around 4,800 casualties, while the Confederates suffered around 3,300.

Overall, the Siege of Vicksburg was a crucial victory for the Union that helped turn the tide of the Civil War in their favor.

Battle of Gettysburg

Date	Location	Generals	Strategy+Battles	Outcome
July 1st, 7:30 AM-July 4th 1863	Gettysburg	North: LeeSouth: Meade	Was merely accidental that the battle happened in Gettysburg. Confederates looking for shoes in shoe factory and encountared the enemy. The second day was the worst and bloodiest of the battle. On the 3rd day, General Lee planned to attack the middle of the Union. On the 4th day, Rain stopped Meade’s troops allowing General Lee to retreat back to Virginia.	Confederates suffered 28,000 casualties while the Union lost 23,000. 51,000 died in total.General Lee never fought another battle in northern land.The Battle of Gettysburg ended the Confederates hope of gaining help from Britain and France. Gettysburg Address:Ceremony held on November 19th, 1863 where citizens gathered to dedicate the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg. Former governor of Massachusetts, Edward Everett, gave a speech first and after President Abraham Lincoln his speech. Lincoln stated his vision for the country and honour the soldiers and their cause.

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought from July 1-3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, during the American Civil War. It was one of the largest and deadliest battles of the war, with an estimated 51,000 casualties.

Background

The Confederate Army, led by General Robert E. Lee, had been successful in several battles leading up to Gettysburg.
Lee hoped to win a major victory on Northern soil, which he believed would force the Union to negotiate for peace.
The Union Army, led by General George G. Meade, had recently replaced General Joseph Hooker as commander.

The Battle

The battle began on July 1, when Confederate forces attacked Union troops on the outskirts of Gettysburg.
The Union forces were pushed back, but they were able to hold a defensive line on Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill.
On July 2, Lee ordered a series of attacks on the Union flanks, but they were repulsed with heavy losses.
On July 3, Lee ordered a massive assault on the center of the Union line, known as Pickett's Charge.
The charge was unsuccessful, and the Confederate Army was forced to retreat.

Aftermath

The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War, as it marked the first major defeat for Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
The Union Army was able to maintain control of the critical state of Pennsylvania, and the Confederacy was forced to retreat back to Virginia.
The battle also had a significant impact on the morale of both the Union and Confederate armies, as well as on the course of the war itself.

Music of the Civil War

Was used to boost morale and communicate

%%Northern Music:%%

Battle Cry of Freedom
May God Save the Union
John Brown’s Body
%%Battle Hymn of the Republic%%

%%Southern Music:%%

%%Dixie (Lincoln’s fav song)%%
The Bonnie
Blue Flag
The Real Rebel Soldier
The Yellow Rose of Texas
Home Sweet Home
Hard Times in Dixie

Instruments:

Fiddle
Guitar
Fife
Drums
Bones

New York Draft Riots

Date	Background	Location	Significance	Effects
July 13th-July 16, %%1863%%	Series of violent riots. Consisted mostly of Irish working-class men who didn’t want to be drafted in the army for the Civil War. As a response, they started attacking government buildings and became violent with anyone who tried to get them to stop, which included policemen and city leaders. North: %%Men could pay $300 to buy a substitute for themselves in the army.%% South: %%If you owned 20+ slaves you were exempt from the draft.%%	Manhattan, New York	The riots had a large impact in New York leading to a rise in anti-immigrant sentiment. It was also one of the deadliest and most violent riots in American history with about 120 deaths and almost 2000 people injured.	Led to increased violence and racial tension mostly between Irish and African Americans in NYC. These riots caused millions of dollars in property damage. Led to the creation of the first police force in NY which would become one of the most powerful and largest police departments in the world. About 3000 African Americans were left homeless.These riots changed the way the Union Army drafted soldiers. After all the violence that occured in New York, a large percent of African Americans left and moved to Brooklyn.

Battle of Chickamauga

Date	Location	Generals	Strategy+Battles	Outcome
September 18-29, 1863	Chickamauga Creek, North Georgia in the Western TheatreThe battle was played on swampy terrain with thick woods	North: General William Rosecrans and the Army of Cumberland, General Thomas Wood, General George ThomasSouth: General Braxton Bragg And the Army of Tennessee, General James Longstreet, General John Hood, General Leonidas Polk %%North wanted 4 railroad intersection cut supplies to Confederacy%%.	}}During the late summer of 1863, Union and Confederate forces were struggling for control over the key railroad center of Chattanooga, Tennessee.}}}}Union: had no strategy. South: Bragg planned to destroy the Army of Cumberland and recapture the city of Chattanooga.}}}}Hand to hand combat with no cannons.}}	Bragg’s Army occupied the heights surrounding Chattanooga, blocking federal supply lines, but does not pursue RosecransIt was a Confederate victoryThe Union lost 16,000 people and the South lost 18,00 people. 10 Confederate generals had been killed or wounded. %%IT STOPPED THE North FROM COMING TO TENNESSEE%%.

Battle of Chancellorsville

Date	Location	Generals	Strategy+Battles	Outcome
April 30th, 1863	Chancellorsville, Virginia which was located in Spotsylvania County.	Union: General Joseph HookerConfederate: General James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart, General Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson, and General Robert E. Lee.	At the Battle of Chancellorsville, there were 130,000 Union soldiers and just 60,000 Confederate soldiers. As the Confederates had an army that was half the size of what the Union had, their strategy was to flank the enemy as quickly as possible. The goal of the Union advance during the Battle of Chancellorsville shifted toward destruction of Lee’s troops. The first move of the battle was made by Hooker when he decided to attack General Lee’s forces.	On May 6, 1863 at Chancellorsville, Virginia, General Lee’s army defeated a Union force which was twice its size. This was a major victory for the South in the American Civil War. The Confederates lost a total of 10,000 men while the Union lost a total of 14,000 men during the battle. Stonewall Jackson died.

Andersonville and Elmira Prison Camps

Andersonville

Date	Background	Location	Facts
Andersonville: Built in 1864	Andersonville: Largest and most notorious Confederate military prison camp	Andersonville: Georgia	Andersonville: Built to hold 10,000 men, crammed 33,000 men. Almost 13,000 prisoners died. Poor sanitary conditions and contagious diseases accounted for most of the deaths.

Elmira

Background	Location	Facts
Elmira: Most notorious Union military prison camp.	Elmira: New York	Elmira: Built to hold 6,000 men, held over 10,000. Barrel shirts were a popular form of punishment. Averaging 8 deaths per day.

Spotsylvania Battle (AKA Battle of the Wilderness)

Date	Location	Generals	Strategy+Battles	Outcome
May 8-21, 1864	Spotsylvania County in Virginia	North: Ulysses S. Grant, and the Army commander George MeadeSouth: Robert E. Lee	Began moving North army on May 7th. The Union’s plan: cut off General Lee's supplies and gain control of Richmond, the Confederate capital in Virginia. South: Lee gave his troops the order to construct a 4-mile-long line of fortifications at Laurel Hill, north of Spotsylvania, because he expected the arrival of Union forces -This included a land called Mule Shoe. Called the overland campaign.%%hand to hand combat.%%most ferociously sustained battle. 20 hours.	The battle ended with a draw (no winner) -Both sides had major casualties -The North lost 18,000 men and the South lost 12,000 men -In total there were about 30,000 casualties -Not just one of the top 5 bloodiest battles. First time Grant and Lee fought each other.%%Grant nicknamed the Butcher%%.

Battles at Sea

Battle of Hampton Roads
- Battle of the Ironclads
- March 9, 1862 over 3 years
- Revolving gun turret
- North: Gen. Farragut had taken New Orleans
- Mobile Bay floating mines damn the torpedo full speed ahead
- South: Gordon Granger
- Nicknamed the pook turtles by Samuel Pook
- Anaconda Plan: take the
Battle of Fort Henry
Battle of Elizabeth City
First Battle of Memphis

Appomattox Court House Surrender and Amnesty Oath

Appomattox Court House Surrender Terms:

%%Confederate soldiers had to lay down their arms and allowed to return to their homes w/o punishment%%
%%Soldiers could keep their horses so they could use them for farming%%
Lastly he gave 3 days (approx 25,000) of rations for his hungry soldiers

STOLDT NOTES:

%%Confederates could keep personal weapon, goods, and horses%%
%%Not charged with treason%%
%%Grant gave Lee 25,000 rations given to Lee for his soldiers act of kindness%%
%%Signed at Will Mcleans house, union officers bought all furniture in the living room official surrender was 3 days later%%

Effects of the Surrendera and Oath:

The main force of the Confederacy was subdued bringing the 4 years of war almost to a close
Union people did not believe that the Confederate people got enough punishment from the Oath
The Oath brought most American citizens and states back together

Food and Games

Sports
- Football
- Wrestling
- Baseball
- Boxing matches
- Cricket
Flea games: who could get their Maggot or Weevil to the finish line first
Board games & Cards
- Poker
- Chess
- Checkers
- Dominoes
- whist
- cribbage
- backgammon
Food:
- Two different rations given which were Marching Rations and Camp Rations
- The rations of meat given to the soldiers would either be salt pork, bacon or beef
- Many of the cooks in the farms hired indentured servants and later got slaves

Women of the Civil War

%%Clara Barton set up Red Cross%%
- Known as the “angel of the battlefield”
- founded American Red Cross on May 21st, 1881
%%First Income Tax set us the IRS 1862%%
%%Food First commissary Captain Sanderson%%
%%Spy master Pinkerton%%
Women worked as:
- Nurses
- ran farms and businesses
- Sewed clothing to fix soldier uniforms
- Fed soldiers
- fundraisers
- disguised themselves to look like soldiers
- Spies
Over 60 women were killed in the civil war

Hospitals and Medicines

more men died from infection that battle
3/4 of surgeries were amputations
end of war 400 hospitats with 400,000 beds

Quantrill Raiders

irregulars- part of army but not under a regiment, guerrilla fighters
Bushwhackers
WIlliam Quantrill
mostly attacked Missouri State militia and Jayhawkers Kansas abolitionist movement
William “Bloody Bill” Anderson

First Income Tax

Year: 1861
Country: United States
Purpose: Fund the Civil War
Tax rate: 3% on income over $800
Exemptions: $300 for single filers, $600 for married couples
Enforcement: Through a system of assessors and collectors
Repealed: 1872, but reinstated in 1894

Spies: North and South

North:

Allan Pinkerton
Lafayette Baker
BMI (Bureau of Military Information)
Elizabeth Van Lew

South:

Rose O’Neal Greenhow
- Tactics
- Stitched messages into tapestries or silk pouches, then concealed it in garments and hair
- Transmitted messages by placing burning candles by her window and used her window blinds for Morse code
Belle Boyd
Thomas Nelson Conrad
Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow