SSC-MIDTERM-REVIEWER.docx

SSC REVIEWER

MIDTERM

Self-concept – a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others. Affects the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of a person. Self-concept tends to be more malleable when you’re younger and still going through the process of self-discovery.

Carl Rogers (1902-1987) a Human Psychologist believed that self-concept is made up of three different components.

1. Ideal Self – the person you want to be.
2. Self-image – refers to how you see yourself at this moment in time.
3. Self-esteem – or self-worth, refers on how much you value yourselves.

Anorexia – a person who have thin self-image in which they believe about the negative thoughts and appearance about them.

Congruent/Congruence – when your self-image and ideal self is align.

Incongruence – when your self-image does not align with your ideal self.

Mass media and Social media – media that plays a role in self-concept development.

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1. Self Analysis or Introspection – initiated by asking questions and queries about the self.
2. Keep a Personal Journal – by writing down one’s thoughts and feelings, one can gain more insights into oneself.
3. Mindfulness and Meditation – engaging in meditation or breathing exercises to calm the mind, increase self awareness, and cultivate a deeper connection with one self.
4. Seek Feedback – asking for honest feedback from trusted friends, family, or mentors. Provides valuable insights into your strengths, weaknesses, and blind spots.
5. Identify Value and Beliefs – reflect on your core values and beliefs.
6. Personality Assessments – taking personality assessments such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to gain insights into your behavioural tendencies, preferences, and strengths.
7. Emotional Intelligence – enhances self-awareness and improves interpersonal relationships.
8. Explore Interests and Passions – exploring different hobbies, interest, and passions can uncover hidden talents and strengths while providing valuable insights into your likes and dislikes.
9. Seek New Experiences – exposing yourself to different environments , cultures, and perspectives can broaden understanding of yourself.
10. Professional Help – seeking the guidance of theraphist, counselor, or life coach can provide additional support in exploring and understanding one self at a deeper level.

Thoughts – refers to the ideas or arrangements of ideas that result from thinking, the act and process of producing thoughts.

“If you correct your mind, the rest of your life will fall into place. “ – the Chinese Philosopher Lao Tzu stated.

Feelings – a state of consciousness, resulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires.

Behaviors – the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms systems, or artificial entities in conjuction with themselves or their environment.

Cognitive Triangle – refers to psychological model encompassing the interrelationships of thoughts, feelings, and actions surrounding an event.

Adolescence – came from the latin term adolescere which means “to grow up”. It is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood.

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) the Father of Adolescence, who coined the the term “adolescence”, defined it as “the period of storm and stress of human life.”

According to Hall – “Adolescence is the period of characterized by a teenager’s life conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and engagement in risky behaviour.

The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) defines an adolescence as any person between ages 10 and 19.

Developmental Tasks During Adolescence – a theory developed by Robert J. Havighurst. It presents the individual as an active learner who continually interacts with a similarly active social environment.

Some of the Challenges of Adolescents encounter:

1. Relationships
2. Self-esteem
3. Career Choices
4. Academic Concerns
5. Material Poverty
6. Depression
7. Parents working abroad
8. Physical Appearance
9. Group Belongingness
10. Computer Gaming

Significant Others – refers to all peole who are of sufficient importance in a person’s life to affect his/her emotions, behaviour, and sense of self.

Mental Health – our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Affects how we think, feel, and act .

Indicators;

1. Emotional well-being; life satisfaction, happiness, cheerfulness, peacefulness.
2. Psychological well-being; self-acceptance, personal growth, optimism, hopefulness, purpose in life, spirituality, self-direction, and positive relationships.
3. Social well-being; social acceptance, belief in the potential of others, personal self-worth and usefulness to society and a sense of community.

Stress – a mental, emotional, or physical strain. It is a body’s reaction to feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities, demands, or events.

Eustress – term for positive or good stress.

Distress – refers to negative or bad stress.

Stressors – anything that causes stress.

EFFECTS OF STRESS;

Problem-focused approach – this strategy involves focusing on the source of the stress.

Emotion-focused approach – encompasses concentrating on one’s feeling or emotion brought about by the stress instead of facing the actual source of stress.

Some Tips On Coping With Stress:

1. Exercise Regularly
2. Get plenty of sleep
3. Avoid caffeine
4. Prioritize activities
5. Be realistic

Brainstem – connects the spinal cord and the brain, it controls functions that keep people alive.

Cerebellum – controls voluntary movement, where the area in the cerebellum translates your will or thoughts into actions.

Skill Memory – processed in the cerebellum, it stores automatic learned memories.

Cerebrum – the largest of the three brain sections and has four lobes.

1. Parietal lobe – helps people understand what they see and feel.
2. Frontal lobe – determines personality and emotions.
3. Occipital lobe – the vision functions.
4. Temporal lobe – hearing and word recognition abilities.

Limbic System – also known as paleomammalian brain. A group of interconnected structures of the brain which includes the four limbic system that are located deep within the brain and above the brainstem, a part of the brain that involved our behavioural and emotional responses.

Hypothalamus – in charge of monitoring the internal system to main homeostatis or the normal state of the body.

Thalamus – serves as the main relay station for the brain.

Amygdala – known to take part in emotions, especially fear. It is associated with impulses, aggression, and instinctive behaviour.

Hippocampus – plays an important role in consolidating learning and converts information to the long-term storage regions.

Prefrontal cortex – the decision making part of the brain, responsible for your ability to plan and think.

Long term memory – processed in the hippocampus and is activated when you want to memorize something for a longer time.

Short term memory – also called working memory, occurs in the prefrontal cortex.

Neurons – the basic functional units of the nervous system. Composed of a nerve cell body, axon, and dendrite – the rapid-fire process that turns thought into movement.

The signal jumps from the end of the dendrite on one cell across the space, called a Synapse. To the dendrite of another cell with the help of chemicals called Neurotransmitters.

Mind Mapping – a thinking technique used to visually organize information, a creative and logical way of organizing thoughts. It was popularized by Tony Buzan (1942-2019)

Three steps in creating a mind map:

Step 1. Main topic: the title of the subject

Step 2. Sub-topics: the subheadings of the topic or important facts or tasks that relate to the subject.

Step 3. Elements: next level of information related that are linked to the relevant subheadings.

Wheel of Emotions – the various aspects of emotions.

According to the Wheel of Emotions; emotions which are nearer to the core are the more intense ones.

Robert Plutchik – a psychologist who theorized that emotions are multidimensional.

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