CH 24 Study Guide - Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Here are the answers to your study guide questions based on your lecture about nutrition:

• What are the 3 macronutrients?
  The three macronutrients are Carbohydrates, Lipids (Fats), and Proteins.

• What are the 2 micronutrients?
  The two micronutrients are Vitamins and Minerals.

• What is the difference between an essential and non-essential nutrient?
  Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Non-essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body and are not strictly required in the diet.

• What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
  The building blocks of carbohydrates are Monosaccharides (simple sugars, e.g., glucose, fructose), Disaccharides (two monosaccharides linked, e.g., sucrose, lactose), and Polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides, e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).

• What are dietary sources of carbohydrates?
  Dietary sources of carbohydrates include Fruits, Vegetables, Grains (e.g., rice, bread, pasta), and Legumes (e.g., beans, lentils).

• How are carbohydrates used in the body?
  Carbohydrates are used in the body as the primary energy source for cells and the brain. They are converted to glucose for use or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. They are also important for metabolic functions and the maintenance of blood glucose levels.

• What are the building blocks of lipids?
  The building blocks of lipids are Fatty Acids (saturated and unsaturated) and Glycerol.

• What are dietary sources of lipids?
  Dietary sources of lipids include Oils (e.g., olive, canola), Butter, Nuts and seeds, Fatty fish (e.g., salmon), and Avocados.

• How are lipids used in the body?
  Lipids are used in the body for energy storage and insulation, protection of vital organs, as a component of cell membranes (phospholipids), necessary for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and as precursors for hormones (e.g., steroid hormones).

• What are the building blocks of proteins?
  The building blocks of proteins are Amino acids (20 different types, 9 essential amino acids that must be obtained from the diet).

• What are dietary sources of proteins?
  Dietary sources of proteins include Meat (e.g., beef, chicken, pork), Fish, Eggs, Dairy products (e.g., milk, cheese, yogurt), and Plant sources (e.g., beans, lentils, tofu, quinoa).

• How are proteins used in the body?
  Proteins are used in the body for building and repairing tissues (muscles, organs), enzyme production (catalysts for metabolic reactions), hormone synthesis (e.g., insulin), and immune function (antibody production).