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Absolute monarchy: A form of government in which a single ruler, usually a king or queen, holds supreme authority, often without legal or constitutional limitations.
Affirmative action: A policy favoring individuals belonging to groups that have been historically discriminated against, especially in education and employment.
Arbitration: The process of resolving a dispute outside the courts, where an impartial third party makes a binding decision.
Caucus: A meeting of members of a political party or movement to select candidates, strategize, or make decisions.
Constitutional monarchy: A system of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the framework of a constitution that limits their powers.
Despotism: A form of government in which a single ruler wields absolute power, often in a cruel or oppressive manner.
Habeas corpus: A legal principle that protects individuals from unlawful imprisonment by requiring authorities to justify their detention before a court.
Lame duck: A political leader or government official who remains in office after losing an election or being unable to seek re-election, often with reduced influence.
Oligarchy: A government or political system in which power is concentrated in the hands of a small, privileged group.
Pacifism: The belief that violence and war are unjustifiable, often advocating for peaceful conflict resolution.
Plutocracy: A society or government controlled by the wealthy.
Populism: A political approach that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people against the elite or establishment.
Political science: The academic study of government systems, political behavior, and the analysis of political activity.
Referendum: A direct vote by the electorate on a specific issue or policy proposal, often resulting in a binding decision.
Sedition: Conduct or speech that incites rebellion against the authority of the state.
Slush fund: A reserve of money, often secret and used for illicit or unethical purposes, especially in politics or business.
Straw poll: An unofficial vote conducted to gauge public opinion on an issue or candidate before an official vote.
Theocracy: A system of government in which religious leaders rule in the name of a deity, and religious laws dictate political authority.
Third world: Historically, a term used to describe developing nations that were not aligned with either the Western or Eastern blocs during the Cold War; now often used to refer to economically underdeveloped countries.
Victimless crime: An offense that is considered illegal but does not directly harm another individual, such as gambling or drug use.