Values

Overview of Values and Mindsets

  • This lecture discusses how values and mindsets fit into understanding a person.

Values

  • Definition: Values are concepts or beliefs about desirable goals and means.
  • They transcend specific situations and guide behavior.
  • Values vary in importance across individuals and cultures.

Schwartz's Model of Value Domains (1992)

  • Includes domains such as:
    • Wealth
    • Ambition
    • Pleasure
    • Daring
    • Freedom
    • Equality, Justice
    • Helpful
    • Obedient
    • Devout
    • Social Order
Refinements to the Basic Model
  • 15 Values (Cieciuch & Schwartz, 2012):
    • Security: National/Personal
    • Self-direction: Thought/Action
    • Universalism: Nature/Concern
    • Achievement: Ambition/Success + Humility
  • 19 Values (Schwartz et al., 2012):
    • Security: Societal/Personal
    • Self-direction: Thought/Action
    • Universalism: Nature/Concern/Tolerance + Humility
    • Power: Dominance/Resources
    • Benevolence: Dependability/Caring
    • Conformity: Interpersonal/Rules + Face

Values vs. Traits (FFM - Five Factor Model)

  • Roccas et al. (2002) explored the relationships between values and personality traits.
  • Extraversion: Positive correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction, Universalism).
  • Openness to Experience: Positive correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction, Universalism).
  • Agreeableness: Positive correlation with Self-Transcendence (Benevolence, Universalism) and negative correlation with Self-Enhancement (Power, Achievement).
  • Conscientiousness: Positive correlation with Conservation (Conformity, Security, Tradition) and negative correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction).
  • Neuroticism/Emotional Stability: No specific correlations mentioned in the provided text.
  • All