This lecture discusses how values and mindsets fit into understanding a person.
Values
Definition: Values are concepts or beliefs about desirable goals and means.
They transcend specific situations and guide behavior.
Values vary in importance across individuals and cultures.
Schwartz's Model of Value Domains (1992)
Includes domains such as:
Wealth
Ambition
Pleasure
Daring
Freedom
Equality, Justice
Helpful
Obedient
Devout
Social Order
Refinements to the Basic Model
15 Values (Cieciuch & Schwartz, 2012):
Security: National/Personal
Self-direction: Thought/Action
Universalism: Nature/Concern
Achievement: Ambition/Success + Humility
19 Values (Schwartz et al., 2012):
Security: Societal/Personal
Self-direction: Thought/Action
Universalism: Nature/Concern/Tolerance + Humility
Power: Dominance/Resources
Benevolence: Dependability/Caring
Conformity: Interpersonal/Rules + Face
Values vs. Traits (FFM - Five Factor Model)
Roccas et al. (2002) explored the relationships between values and personality traits.
Extraversion: Positive correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction, Universalism).
Openness to Experience: Positive correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction, Universalism).
Agreeableness: Positive correlation with Self-Transcendence (Benevolence, Universalism) and negative correlation with Self-Enhancement (Power, Achievement).
Conscientiousness: Positive correlation with Conservation (Conformity, Security, Tradition) and negative correlation with Openness to Change (Stimulation, Hedonism, Self-Direction).
Neuroticism/Emotional Stability: No specific correlations mentioned in the provided text.