bioman

OXIDATION OF PYRUVATE TO ACETYL CoA

Input: (goes around TWICE- 2 pyruvates)

  • Pyruvate

  • CoA

  • NAD+


Output (TWICE)

  • CO2

  • NADH+

  • H+

  • Acetyl CoA



CITRIC ACID CYCLE:

Input: (happens twice- 2 pyruvates)

Acetyl CoA

ADP+ P

3 NAD+

FAD


Output ( double it) 

  • ATP

  • 3NADH+

  • 3 H+

  • FADH2

2 CO2

BIOMAN ACTIVITY

Click Intro and Glycolysis. 

1. What is the first stage of cell respiration? Glycolysis


Watch the video.

2. Why do organisms release energy gradually? It is more effective as it prevents energy from being released in big bursts and energy being lost.


Glycolysis: 

a. Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? Cytoplasm


b. What does glycolysis mean? (literally)  Breaking down of glucose

c. How many molecules of ATP are used to start glycolysis? 2 molecules


Lysis: 

a. What does Lysis mean? Breakdown or splitting

b. What is the result of lysis? The 6-carbon sugar is split into two 3-carbon sugars


Oxidation: 

a. What is striped off the remnants of glucose during oxidation?

The electrons of hydrogen are stripped off


b. What are the resulting molecules? NADH


c. Where does NADH carry the electrons to? Electron transport chain


ATP Formation: 

a. How is ATP made? Phosphates get transferred from the sugars to ADP making ATP. 


b. Why is the net gain of ATP only 2 ATP?  Although 4 ATP are created 2 are used in the beginning to full the break down so there is a net gain of only 2.


c. How many pyruvates are made? 2


d. How many NADH molecules are made? 2


e. How many C does each pyruvate contain? 3



Return to the Respiration Interactive and click Next.

Answer the quiz questions. Click Next.

3. Complete the Glycolysis simulation. What are the final products (net gain)? 

2ATP + 2NADH + 2 pyruvates




Click Main Menu. Click The Link Reaction. Watch the video.


4. What does the pyruvate move into? Mitochondria


a. Oxidation occurs, what is transferred to the NAD+ to make NADH?

Electrons and Hydrogens


b. What product is released? How many? 6 CO2 molecules + 2 NADH


c. What is fed into the Krebs Cycle? Acetyl - CoA


d. What two things does the Link Reaction connect?

Glycolysis to the Krebs Cycle


Return to the Respiration Interactive and click Next. 

Click Next. Follow the instructions, clicking Next when prompted.


5. At the end of the Link Reaction, how many Acetyl-CoA molecules are made? 2

CO2 molecules? 6 NADH molecules? 2


6. Where do the NADH molecules go? Electron Transport chain


7. Where do the CO2 molecules go? They get breathed out


8. Where do the Acetyl-CoA molecules go? Krebs Cycle



Answer the quiz questions.

Click Main Menu. Click The Krebs Cycle. Watch the video.


9. What is broken down in the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)? Acetyl - CoA


a. How is Citric Acid made? Aceytyl - CoA reacts with oxaloacetate 


b. What is transferred to NAD+ during oxidation of the 6 carbon molecule? Electrons and Hydrogens


c. What gas is released? CO2


d. What occurs to turn the 5 carbon molecule into a 4 carbon molecule?

The 5 carbon molecule undergoes a similar process of oxidation by NAD+


e. In the next reaction, what energy molecule is made? ATP


f. During the next oxidation, what molecule are the hydrogens and electrons 

transferred to and what molecule is formed? FAD form FADH2


g. Where does FADH2 carry the electrons and hydrogens? 

Electron transport chain


h. A final oxidation takes place to the carbon molecule making NADH. What is the 

    4 carbon molecule now called? Oxalacetate


Return to the Respiration Interactive and click Next.

Click Next. Follow the instructions. 

10. At the end of the Krebs Cycle, how many ATP molecules are made? 2  How 

many CO2 molecules are made? 2 How many NADH? 3 How many 

FADH2? 1 (everything x2 for 2 cycles)


11. What is the destination of ATP? Used as energy


12. What is the destination of carbon dioxide? Breathed out


13. What is the destination of all 8 electron carriers? Electron transport chain


Answer the quiz questions. Click Main Menu. Click The Electron Transport Chain. 

14. What is the final stage in cell respiration? Electron transport chain


Click Next. Watch the video.


15. Where is the electron transport chain found? The inner membrane of the mitochondria


a. What biomolecule are the electrons delivered to? Protein complex in the inner membrane(cell membrane)


b. What ions are pumped across the inner membrane from the matrix?

Hydrogen


c. The electrons are collected and passed on to what biomolecule?

Electrons are collected and moved to a special red molecules that collects the electrons from FADH2 and then moved to the next protein complex.


d. What is building up in the intermembrane space? Hydrogen ions


e. What does oxygen do during this stage? The oxygen accepts the electrons and hydrogens from the matrix creating water molecules. This allows the ETC to keep working and not get blocked up.


f. As hydrogen ions diffuse through ATP Synthase, what do they cause this protein 

to do? Spin and create ATP


g. What is produced from the spinning of the ATP Synthase? ATP


h. How many ATP molecules are made from one glucose molecule? 30-34