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Overview: Social-cognitive theorists, led by Albert Bandura, emphasize the interaction of personal traits and situational factors in personality development.
Key Concepts:
- Reciprocal Determinism: Person-environment interaction is a three-way relationship involving behavior, internal personal factors, and environmental influences.
- Learning by Observation: Behaviors are learned through conditioning and imitation.
Behavioral Influence:
- Environmental factors affect behavior and personality development, such as how controlling parenting may lead to timidity.
- Individuals interpret and react to external events based on schemas and memories.
Behavior Choices and Environments:
- People select environments that align with their dispositions, which further shapes personality (e.g., social media activity reflecting self-esteem).
Interactions in Personality Development:
- Bi-directional Influence: Anxious individuals may perceive and react to threats more acutely, which reinforces their anxious mindset.
- Gene-Environment Interaction: Genetic traits can influence how one responds to their environment, impacting behaviors (e.g., aggression under stress).