Lect5 BIOSCI

Lecture Overview

  • Course: Bio 107 Lecture 5 Review 2025

  • Instructor: Anthony Phillips

Exam Expectations

  • Core Materials to Consult:

    • Lecture Content

    • Lecture Slides

    • Lecture Guide (All inclusive)

    • Textbook Specific Readings

    • Lab-book (no specific requirements for this instructor)

  • Utilization Guidelines:

    • Use lecture slides for comprehensive core content

    • Specific readings augmenting lecture material

    • Be mindful of discrepancies between lectures and textbook readings

    • When in doubt, rely on lecture slides and discussed content

  • Important Note: Clinical examples included for relevance; only content from lectures and slides required for exam.

Approach to Questions

  • Integrative Learning: Combine facts from slides and lectures to interpret questions.

  • Scoring Criteria:

    • A: Full understanding

    • B: Basic integration

    • C: Minimal integration

Body Systems Covered

  • Eleven Body Systems: Understand composition and organ roles:

    • Integumentary

    • Muscular

    • Skeletal

    • Nervous

    • Endocrine

    • Lymphatic and Immune

    • Cardiovascular

    • Respiratory

    • Digestive

    • Urinary

    • Reproductive

  • Example: Pancreas functions in both digestive and endocrine systems.

Lymphatic and Immune System

  • Primary Functions:

    • Brings lymph fluid with lymphocytes to veins of cardiovascular system.

    • Engulf pathogens and stimulate immune response.

  • Components:

    • Lymphatic vessels

    • Lymphatic fluid, B & T cells

    • Lymph nodes monitor lymph composition

    • Spleen recycles red blood cells and produces immune responses

    • Thymus: Development of T cells.

Diagram of Lymphatic System

  • Lymphatic ducts empty lymph into cardiovascular system (subclavian veins).

  • Key Point: Afferent vessels carry lymph to lymph nodes; efferent vessels carry lymph away.

  • Note: No need to memorize specific lymphatic names.

Endocrine System Overview

  • Glands and Functions:

    • Pineal gland: Regulates sleep through melatonin.

    • Hypothalamus/Pituitary: Controls multiple glands, regulates growth and fluid balance.

    • Thyroid gland: Metabolic rate control through thyroxine.

    • Parathyroid gland: Calcium level regulation.

    • Adrenal glands: Stress response, metabolism regulation.

    • Pancreas: Glucose control.

    • Gonads: Sexual characteristics and reproduction.

  • General knowledge on hormone activity is sufficient; detailed specifics are unnecessary.

Ways to Identify Epithelium Types

  • Columnar Types: Recognize features like ciliated versus non-ciliated and presence of goblet cells.

    • Transitional Epithelium: Found in bladder; exhibits stretched and relaxed states.

    • Stratified Types: Understand differences in appearance under various conditions.

Glandular Epithelium

  • Types:

    • Endocrine: Directly secretes into blood (e.g., pancreas).

    • Exocrine: Uses ducts to release substances onto epithelium surfaces (sweat, saliva).

  • Mixed glands can have both types of secretion.

Connective Tissues

  • Comprised of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) + Cells.

  • Key components:

    • Ground Substance (water, proteins, polysaccharides)

    • Protein Fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic).

  • Importance of ECM structure relates to tissue function (e.g., soft vs. hard connective tissues).

Muscle and Nerve Tissues

  • Muscle Types: Striated (skeletal, cardiac) vs. non-striated (smooth).

  • Nerve Components: Discusses role of neuroglia in supporting and insulating neurons.

Quiz Questions Review

  • Review queries focusing on body systems, histology, and connective tissues.

  • Practice critical thinking by evaluating multiple-choice statements.

Closing Remarks

  • Best Wishes: Encouragement for students to excel in their upcoming assessments and to maintain contact with faculty for support.

Textbook and Resource Acknowledgements

  • Key texts: Tortora and Derrickson editions highlighted.

  • Image credits for visual materials used within presentations.