Health Science- History

Roman Medicine​

Superior drainage systems: Aqueducts and Sewers​

Public Hospital​

First to organize medical care​

Army medicine​

Public hygiene​

Flood control​

Solid construction of homes​


Dark Ages 400-800 AD​

Rome was overthrown and there was a return to the beliefs in supernatural causes and cures of illness​

Bubonic Plague a.k.a Black Death was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread mainly by flees that lived on wild rodents and rats​


Middle Ages​
800-1300 AD

Arab Empire​

- pharmacology advancements​

- Blood – infectious diseases recorded​

- Rhazes – first sutures were used​

First Medical School – Salerno, Italy​

Doctors – provided for only wealthy ​

patients​


Renaissance Medicine​
1350-1650 AD​

Universities and medical schools for research were developed​

Human Dissection: corpse theft occurred illegally​

The first “human anatomy” book was published​

Life Span- approximately 40 years​


16th and 17th Centuries​

Advancements in chemistry and physics, medical tools and methods​

Leonard Da Vinci Anatomy of the body​

Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Father of Microbiology leading to the microscope and discovery of RBCs, bacteria, and microorganisms​



18th Century​Smallpox vaccine was the first vaccination​

First mercury thermometer​

Surgical procedures established​

Bifocals invented​


19th Century ​

Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia and vaccinations​

Infection Control was developed once microorganisms were associated with disease​

Formal training for nurses began​

Women Became Active Participants in Health Care​

Average lifespan 40-60 years​




20th Century​Increased knowledge about the role of blood in the body​

Discovery of how white blood cells protect against disease​

Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes​

More vaccines developed​

New machines developed: kidney dialysis, heart-lung​

Organ Transplants​


21st Century Into the Future​

First totally implantable artificial heart was placed in 2001​

Stem cells were used in treatments of disease in early 2000’s leading to increased research in the treatment of cancer and other diseases​

The standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, required under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) went into effect​


Potential for Health Care in the 21st Century​

Cures for AIDS, cancer, and heart disease​

Genetic manipulation to prevent inherited diseases​

Nerves in the brain and spinal cord are regenerated to prevent paralysis​

New antibiotics developed that do not allow pathogens to develop resistance​

Average lifespan 90-100 years​