Absolute and Limited Monarchies

15.1


Absolute Monarchies


King Louis XIV and his rule

  • Louis XIV “Sun King”. Became king at 4.

  • He picked Sun King because he played Apollo when little and he felt like a god like Apollo.

  • Louis called himself a divine right monarch

  • Louis made robe nobles to make sword nobles mad

  • Independent revenue was so nobles could have titles; it also paid for the wars he participated in.

  • He created the Code of Louis to become the law.

  • Louis was a devoted catholic and revoked the edict of Nantes making catholicism the main religion of France.

  • Louis follows Gallicanism, which makes the pope a spiritual leader, so Louis doesn’t need to follow the pope, only God.

    • Anglo dutch alliance to fight Louis XVI

    • No one wanted to work with him and he left France in financial ruins


Timeline

  1. Louis XIII (Not a powerful king like XVI)

  2. Cardinal Richelieu (made most of the decisions in politics)

  3. Cardinal Mazarin (Not as popular as Richelieu)

  4. The Fronde (rebelling nobles)

  5. Louis XVI (Strong king) (look above for more)

  6. Edict of fontainebleau (revoke Edict of Nantes)

  7. Versailles


Peter the Great

  • Fought the Ottomans and was able to get access to the sea

  • Created Russia's first navy 

  • Rid Russia of slaver but it changed to serfdom

  • Took trips to Western Europe to westernize Russia

  • He wanted better sea access, so he went to war with Sweden. He lost his Ottoman access but gained better access by acquiring the Baltic Sea.

  • He didn't have a successor and ruined Russia again.



Limited Monarchies

Constitutional Monarchy

Define: Where the monarchy follows a constitutional

King James I (1603-1625)

  • Divine Right

  • Catholic like his mother but understood the need to cooperate with parliament

    • Avoided 30-year war

    • “Power of the Purse”

  • King James Bible

King Charles I (1625-1649)

  • Calls parlement for funds, forced to agree to the petition of right

    • Four tenants

  1. No taxiation without parlament consent

  2. No imprisonment without cause

  3. No quartering soldiers

  4. No material law

  • Personal rule (1629-1640) Refused to call parliament. Tries to be absolute

  • Triennial act–forces the king to call parliament every 3 years


English Civil War

Parliament vs. king

In comes Oliver Cromwell and his new model army (radical Puritans or independents)

Results of the Civil War

  • Charles I was executed

  • Parlement dissolves monarchy

  • Cromwell becomes dictator

  • Cromwell dies

  • Parlement restores monarchy.

The Restoration

  • Charles II was offered the thrown with lots of conditions

    • ie-the condition his father refused to adhere to

    • Parliament gets swole

  • James II, Charles's brother, takes thrown and parliament is scared of 2nd civil war

    • James was floating the idea of making England catholic again.

Glorious Revolution

  • Parliament offers thrown to James' daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange

  • William invaded England, and James fled to France

  • Must agree to the English Bill of Rights

    • The first document of the Enlightenment

Hobbes vs. Locke Debate (Absolute Rule or Democracy)… Hobbes wrote the Leviathan which was talking about an absolute monarchy. He writes this because he believes humans are incompetent. Locke preferred democracy. Natural Rights: Life, liberty, and property.