Notes on Greek and Roman Mythology: Theogony and Deities

TEOGONÍA: Notes on Greek and Roman Mythology

Introduction to Theogony

  • TEOGONÍA: Refers to the origin and genealogy of the gods, a fundamental aspect of ancient Greek mythology.

Greek and Roman Deities and Their Domains

  • Cronos (Greek) / Saturno (Roman):

    • God of Time.

    • Father of Zeus (Greek) / Júpiter (Roman).

  • Zeus (Greek) / Júpiter (Roman):

    • Supreme God of Olympus.

    • Father of the gods.

  • Hera (Greek) / Juno (Roman):

    • Goddess of domestic fire.

    • Goddess of motherhood.

    • Protector of the home.

  • Poseidón (Greek) / Neptuno (Roman):

    • God of the sea.

  • Hades (Greek) / Plutón (Roman):

    • God of the dead.

  • Hefesto (Greek) / Vulcano (Roman):

    • God of fire.

    • God of the forge and metals.

  • Dionisio (Greek) / Baco (Roman):

    • God of the vine and vegetation.

    • Associated with festivities.

  • Atenea (Greek) / Minerva (Roman):

    • Goddess of wisdom, sciences, and arts.

  • Afrodita (Greek) / Venus (Roman):

    • Goddess of love and beauty.

    • Symbolizes physical perfection.

  • Apolo (Greek) / Febo (Roman):

    • God of light and knowledge.

    • Protector of poetry and music.

  • Artemisa (Greek) / Diana (Roman):

    • Goddess of the hunt and nature.

    • Twin sister of Apolo (Greek) / Febo (Roman).

  • Démeter (Greek) / Ceres (Roman):

    • Goddess of agriculture, sowing, and harvest.

  • Ares (Greek) / Marte (Roman):

    • God of war.

  • Hermes (Greek) / Mercurio (Roman):

    • Messenger of the gods.

    • God of commerce, luck, and wealth.

Mythological References and Art

  • Saturno devorando a su hijo (Saturn Devouring His Son):

    • Francisco de Goya (1819-1823): A famous painting depicting the myth of Cronos/Saturn consuming his offspring.

    • Peter Paul Rubens (1636): Another notable artistic rendition of the same myth.

  • Diosa de la Victoria Niké:

    • "Diosa de la Victoria Niké" translates to "Goddess of Victory Nike," a prominent figure in Greek mythology embodying triumph.

  • Mother Goddess Worship in Ephesus:

    • "EN ÉFESO SE LE ADORÓ COMO DIOSA MADRE" (In Ephesus, she was worshipped as Mother Goddess).

  • General Art Reference:

    • A reference to "W-BOVGVEREAV-1873" likely points to a work by William-Adolphe Bouguereau from 1873, an artist known for mythological and classical subjects.

  • Historical Engraving:

    • "GRABADO DE ERASMUS FRANCISCI ZU NÜRNBERG (1627-1680)" refers to an engraving by Erasmus Francisci from Nuremberg.

Other Deities and Concepts

  • Hoteleph: A possible reference or term requiring further context.

  • Harpyjcz (Harpy): Refers to a Harpy, a mythical creature with the body of a bird and the face of a human.

  • ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ (Calliope): The Greek name for Calliope, one of the Muses, specifically the Muse of epic poetry.

  • BOL YAR: A possible reference or term requiring further context.

Symbols and Their Meanings

  • Symbol for Medicine:

    • Vara de Asclepio (Rod of Asclepius) or Vara de Esculapio (Rod of Aesculapius): A serpent-entwined staff wielded by the Greek god Asclepius and his Roman counterpart Aesculapius, associated solely with medicine and healing.

  • Symbol for Commerce (NOT Medicine):

    • Caduceo (Caduceus) or Vara de Hermes (Staff of Hermes): A staff entwined with two snakes and often depicted with wings, carried by Hermes/Mercury. It is the symbol of commerce, negotiation, and eloquence, and it is explicitly stated not to be a symbol for medicine.

Online Resources

  • www.maicar.com

  • www.theoi.comb