Impacts of globalisation on family:

• Globalisation has had economic, political and cultural effects on society, but has also influenced the family unit

• Globalisation has led to an increase in geographical mobility across international borders

• Changes in the way that people live, work and communicate with one another in the 21st century

• Shaped different identities in the UK and led to greater family diversity

Increased geographical mobility:

• While the focus has been on immigration in the UK, many UK nationals have left the UK to work overseas

• According to the Home Office (2012), 43% of people (149,000) emigrating from the UK are British nationals- with the majority of those being between 25-44

• 36% of those leaving were classified as ‘professional or managerial’ occupations

Changes in employment:

• The decline of manufacturing industries in the UK due to globalisation has seen a change in employment

• According to ONS, the largest sectors in the UK in 2018 were retail, health and social work and administrative sectors- demonstrating a feminisation of the workforce

• Increase in dual-earner families with 75% of mothers working- changing gender roles in society

Changes in family diversity:

• Greater range of family types in the UK in the era of globalisation

• Increased lone-person households due to economic migration into the UK and overseas students (217,000 in 2018)

• Couples may remain the most common, but the organisation of their relationship and the type of relationship are less fixed

• There has been a slight increase in multiple-family households in recent years

Impacts on family:

• The movement away from the extended family network, including grandparents, for employment opportunities overseas

• Isolation from family for some older members, but the development of a globally modified extended family with the emergence of cheaper air travel and advances in communications technology

• Changes to gender roles in the family as evidenced by the closing of the gap between males and females in terms of unpaid labour in the home- Males do 16 hours to females 26 hours

• Increased family diversity and development of migrant identities (Raghuram and Erel 2014) in the UK

• Emergence of trans localism- People developing ties to more than one geographical area

• Castles and Millar (2009)- migration is a common feature of contemporary society and is accelerating and diversifiability in contemporary society