NETWORK
Network
- refers to two or more computers connected
together to share resources
Resource
- file, folder or documents; internet
connection; software applications; cloud
based; email services; audio and video;
printers and printing services
Network Connection -
means by which devices establish
communication with each other, enabling the
exchange of data and resources
Network Classification
1. Based on network size:
LAN, WAN, MAN
2. Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring
3. Based on management method:
Peer-to-peer,
Client/Server
4. Based on transmission media:
Wired and wireless
LAN
- (Local Area Network), covers a relatively
small geographic area, in close proximity
MAN
- (Metropolitan Area Network), covers a
larger geographic area than LAN but smaller
than WAN; encompasses a city or a large
metropolitan region
WAN
- (Wide Area Network), covers a broad
geographic area, used to connect LANs and
MANs across larger devices
Network Topology
- physical or logical layout or arrangement
of devices and connections within a computer
network
Ring Topology
- connected to exactly two other
devices, forming a closed loop or ring
Star Topology
- all devices are directly connected
to a central hub or switch
Bus Topology
- all devices are connected to a single
central cable called the “bus”
Mesh Topology
- every device is connected to every
other device
Tree Topology
- combines characteristics of both
star and bus topologies
Management Methods - encompass a set of practices and
techniques used to effectively govern and
control various aspects of IT systems and
networks
Client-server Network
-common
architectural model in
computer networking; categorized into
two main roles: clients and servers
Advantage
- Facilitate resource sharing
- Facilitate system backup
and improve fault
tolerance
- Enhance security
Disadvantage
- High cost for servers
- Need expert to configure
the network
- Introduce a single point
of failure to the system
- Support more users
Peer-to-peer Network
- decentralized network model in which
individual devices communicate and
collaborate directly with one another,
sharing resources and data without the
need for server
Advantage
- Low cost
- Simple to configure
- User has full
accessibility of the
computer
Disadvantage
- May have duplication in
resources
- Difficult to uphold
security policy
- Difficult to handle
uneven loading
Transmission Media - physical and logical pathways through
which data is transmitted from one device
to another in a network or communication
system
Guided Media
- physical communication that use a physical
conductor or medium to transmit signals
Categories of UTP Cables
Category 1:
The lowest quality, only good for voice
Category 2:
Good for voice and low data rates (up to
7Mbps)
Category 3:
Deployed in phone lines; supports 10 Mbps
for up to 100 meters
Category 4:
Typically used in token ring networks;
supports 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters
Category 5:
Used in Ethernet-based LANS; contains two
twisted pairs; supports 100 Mbps for up to
100 meters
Category 5e:
Used in Ethernet-based LANS; contains four
twisted pairs; supports 1 Gbps for 100
meters
Category 6:
Used in Ethernet-based LANs and data center
networks; contains four tightly wound
twisted pairs; supports 1 Gbps for up to 100
meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters