History Notes

Dynamic Learning

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History Resources for MYP 4 \& 5 Teachers

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Hodder Education Resources

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Industrial Revolution

  • Britain's population increased between 1750 and 1850 from 11 million to to 21 million. 50%50\% lived in cities, and over 40%40\% of the workforce was employed in factories.

  • Factors:

    • Increasing population creates demand.

    • Overseas trade and colonies provide capital raw materials, and markets.

    • Improved agriculture and transport made food and material distribution easier.

    • Entrepreneurs and inventors developed new technologies.

    • Raw materials: iron and coal.

    • Relatively stable political situation.

Domestic System

  • Before factories, spinning and weaving occurred in people's homes.

  • Women typically did spinning.

Textile Industry Inventions

  • Key inventions in the textile industry sped up cloth production

  • Inventions included washing and carding, the spinning and weaving.

  • Speeding up one process (e.g., spinning) led to demand for faster weaving methods.

Important Factors in the Iron Industry

  • Britain needed timber for charcoal used in smelting iron ore.

  • Abraham Darby I used coke (derived from coal) for smelting in 1709.

  • Henry Cort developed “puddling” in 1793 to improve wrought iron production.

Steam Engine

  • Early machinery relied on horse, wind, and water power.

  • Thomas Newcomen built an 'atmospheric engine' in 1712 for draining mines.

  • James Watt improved the steam engine in 1763 with rotary motion for textile and other factories.

Factory Conditions & Reforms

  • Predominantly unskilled labor comprised of women and children

  • Children, especially orphans, were exploited for lower pay and ability to fix machines

  • Conditions prompted reform; the Factory Reform Act of 1833 restricted child labor.

  • Parliamentary interviews were also set up. It gave evidence of accidents, ill health, beatings and poor treatment of children.

  • Working hours limited for women and under age workers.

Social and Political Changes

  • Urbanization increased leading to overcrowded cities with poor building codes.

  • Wealth was available to middle class factory owners resulting in social change, but lower class workers could make more than agricultural workers.

  • New wealth not represented in parliament. This led to actions and violence for reform.

  • Reform Act of 1832 increased voters and gave representation to industrial towns, and Chartist movement asked for political change.

Japan Industrial Revolution

  • Japan moved from a closed country to an industrialized state after 1850.

  • Internal factors that threatened the stability of Japan included outdated feudal system.

  • External factors that caused Japan to industrialize included unequal trade treaties with USA.

  • This led to Meiji Emperor to take over all powers of Shogun and modernize with slogan Fukoku Kyohei: 'Enrich the country, strengthen the military'.