4.5

Overview and Location

• Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system, which regulates and controls body functions.

• It is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Primary Cell Types

• Neurons: Highly specialized cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses, transmitting electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors (muscles and glands).

  • Dendrites: Cytoplasmic extensions that respond to stimuli.

  • Axons: Cytoplasmic extensions that transmit electrical impulses over long distances.

• Supporting Cells (Glial Cells or Neuroglia): Nonconducting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons.