acids and bases

bronstead lowry acid → proton donor

bronstead lowry base → proton acceptor

lewis acid → electron acceptor

lewis base → electron donor

arrows move from lone pairs or bonds to atoms or bonds.

more dissociating = stronger acid

higher KA = stronger acid

lower pKA = stronger acid

strong acid = weak conjugate base (more stable)

equilibrium

weaker acids and bases (HIGHER PKA) are favored at equilibrium.

ATOM

when comparing atoms in the same group, the larger atom will correlate with a weaker base

when comparing atoms in the same period, the more electronegative atom will correlate with a weaker base

RESONANCE

the molecule with more resonance will be a weaker base

INDUCTION

the molecule with an inductive effect will be a weaker base.

closer to basic atom = more stable

more electronegative = more stable

more electronegative atoms = more stable

ORBITALS

SP hybridized basic atom = weaker base