Foundations of the Scientific Revolution and Universal Models

Historical Context and the Source of Knowledge

• The Dark Ages: During the period historically referred to as the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church served as the definitive and primary source of all knowledge.

• Ecclesiastical Authority: Scientific and philosophical understanding was dictated by Church doctrine during this era.

Comparative Models of the Universe

• Geocentric Theory

  • Definition: A cosmological model where the Earth is positioned at the absolute center of the universe.

  • Mechanics: According to this theory, everything in the existence of the universe revolves around the Earth.

• Heliocentric Theory

  • Definition: A cosmological model where the Sun is positioned at the center of the universe.

  • Etymological Breakdown:

  • Helio: Translates to "Sun."

  • Centric: Translates to "center."

  • Mechanics: This model posits that everything in the universe revolves around the Sun.

Methodology of Scientific Inquiry

• The Scientific Method: This foundational process for empirical investigation was created by Sir Francis Bacon.

Key Figures and Contributions of the Scientific Revolution

• Nicolaus capernacas: A primary figure associated with the development and promotion of cosmological theories within this era.

• Tycho Brach

  • Nationality and Profession: Identified as a Danish Astronomer.

  • Scientific Discovery: He is credited with the discovery of supernovas, providing evidence of changes in the celestial sphere.

• Johannes Kepler

  • Professional Background: He was a Mathematician.

  • Role: He served as Bracheś assistant.

  • Scientific Discovery: He discovered the nature and mechanics of how the planets orbit.

• Galileo Gailei: A central scientist whose work significantly advanced the shift in understanding the cosmos and physical laws.

• Isaas Newton

  • Contribution: Developed and created a comprehensive theory detailing the mechanics of how planets moved within the universe.