Criminal justice exam 2

  1. A U.S. circuit court of appeals looked at a lower court’s ruling and decided to overturn it on the grounds it was unconstitutional. This is an example of a higher court’s right to engage in ______.

    1. alternative dispute resolution

    2. strict interpretation

    3. judicial activism

    4. judicial review

  2. The goal of a problem-solving court is to ______.

    1. punish the person who is incarcerated

    2. provide treatment and reduce recidivism

    3. incapacitate the person who is incarcerated

    4. deter criminal activity in general

  3. What is the purpose of a criminal trial?

    1. sentence guilty defendants

    2. scrutinize constitutional issues

    3. determine whether or not the defendant is legally guilty

    4. advocate for the victim

  4. Which of the following would be considered an example of direct evidence?

    1. defendant’s fingerprint in their murdered spouse’s car

    2. accomplice’s confession that they saw the defendant murder the victim

    3. shoeprint that matched the same style and size as a shoe owned by the defendant

    4. carpet fiber from the defendant’s van that was the same type as one found on the victim

  1. A judge sentences a teenager to ten years in prison for vandalizing an abandoned building. Which of the essential concepts guiding sentencing would the judge be ignoring in this case?

    1. mitigating factors

    2. social debt

    3. equity

    4. proportionality

  1. In the American colonies, corrections was based upon the philosophy of ______.

    1. lex talionis

    2. new penology

    3. reformation

    4. Rehabilitation



  1. By being incarcerated in small, solitary cells, people who are incarcerated could reflect on their wrongdoings and become remorseful. This philosophy led to the creation of the ______.

    1. penitentiary

    2. institutionalization

    3. recidivism

    4. criminalization

  1. Under the ______ system, private businesses in the South paid an annual fee for control of people who are incarcerated.

    1. contract

    2. convict leasing

    3. Auburn

    4. Pennsylvania

  1. Considering the systemic impact of the inability to pay bail, which group experiences a disproportionate burden, exacerbating socio-economic disparities within the criminal justice system?

    1. Individuals with high educational attainment

    2. Middle-class citizens with stable employment

    3. People living in poverty

    4. Those with extensive social networks

  1. In the intricate process of sentencing an offender, which crucial assessment is conducted to discern the most suitable security level and type of facility?

    1. Judicial review

    2. Classification review

    3. Placement evaluation

    4. Administrative evaluation

  1. Spending time in prison achieves the correctional goal of ______.

    1. incapacitation

    2. general deterrence

    3. restorative justice

    4. nonintervention

  1. Research in the 1980s suggested that one reason why women who are incarcerated build pseudofamilies was to ______.

    1. gain legitimacy

    2. find work

    3. ease emotional pain

    4. build security


  1. Which phenomenon hinders reentry into the community because behaviors seen as acceptable while incarcerated are seen by people outside as offensive or strange?

    1. doing time

    2. gleaning

    3. prisonization

    4. importation

  1. One potential explanation for the reduction in reincarceration is that ______.

    1. ex-convicts face less discrimination now

    2. the war on drugs has been largely successful

    3. sex offender registries were established

    4. offenders tend to age out of crime

  1. John, a juvenile offender, vandalized a local community center. The restorative justice approach is being considered for his case. In this context:

How does restorative justice encourage community involvement and address the harm caused by John's actions?

  1. By implementing stricter punitive measures for deterrence

  2. By focusing solely on rehabilitation within a correctional facility

  3. By facilitating dialogue between John, the community, and the affected parties

  4. By isolating John from the community to prevent further harm

True and False

  1. The United States has separate federal and state court systems.

    1. True

    2. False

  2. Problem-solving courts typically focus on first-time nonviolent offenders.

    1. True

    2. False

  3. The court clerk reads the verdict in criminal trials.

    1. True

    2. False

  4. Three-strikes laws have contributed to prison overcrowding.

    1. True

    2. False

  5. Women are more likely to receive the death penalty compared to men.

    1. True

    2. False

  6. Intensive supervision probation is much more effective at preventing recidivism compared to traditional probation.

    1. True

    2. False

  7. Intermediate sanctions save money or prison beds only if they are used primarily for offenders who otherwise would serve prison terms.

    1. True

    2. False

  8. Passive GPS tracking continuously uploads information on an offender’s location.

    1. True

    2. False

  9. Solitary confinement frequently leads to negative consequences for the physical and mental health of people who are incarcerated.

    1. True

    2. False

  10. Most people who are incarcerated in maximum-security facilities have committed nonviolent drug crimes.

    1. True

    2. False

  11. LGBTQ people who are incarcerated are frequently involuntarily housed in solitary confinement.

    1. True

    2. False

  12. Correctional officers risk getting fired if they bring contraband into the prison.

    1. True

    2. False

  13. Prisonization is highest during the first 6 months and last 6 months of incarceration.

    1. True

    2. False

  14. People are incarcerated in solitary confinement are isolated 23–24 hr per day.

    1. True

    2. False

  15. Prison gangs are a relatively new problem.

    1. True

    2. False