Topic_1a

KINS 1100 LAB 01 ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Topic 1a: Introduction to Research in Kinesiology

  • Course Code: KINS 2205

  • Instructor: Alexandra Harriss

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the significance of the research process in understanding kinesiology’s knowledge base.

  • Identify various research methods utilized in kinesiology.

  • Discuss how different philosophical worldviews impact the research process.

Current Knowledge in Kinesiology

  • Knowledge generation in kinesiology aids in critiquing existing literature.

  • It equips individuals with the skills to explore unanswered questions.

Key Concepts

  • Facts vs. Truths: Understanding how facts become accepted truths, e.g., strength gains from weight training.

    • Personal experiences can be subjective and limiting.

    • Reliance on outside sources like experts is common.

Importance of Research

  • Continuous discovery can overturn previously accepted 'facts.'

  • A solid understanding of science and research methodology is critical.

  • Difference between science and research is essential for clarity in kinesiology.

What is Kinesiology?

  • Historical emergence of kinesiology programs in Canada since the 1960s, starting with Simon Fraser University and the University of Waterloo.

  • Defined as the study of human movement, integrating various disciplines.

Subfields of Kinesiology

  • Includes:

    • Exercise Science

    • Sports Science

    • Biomechanics

    • Motor Control

    • Exercise Physiology

    • Sport Psychology

  • Applicable to areas like sports performance, rehabilitation, exercise prescription, and ergonomic design.

Research Methods in Kinesiology

  • According to Creswell (2014), three main research approaches are:

    • Quantitative Research Designs

    • Qualitative Research Designs

    • Mixed Methods Research Designs

Key Differences in Research Approaches

  • Each approaches differ in:

    • Assumptions

    • Types of questions asked

    • Specific methods employed

    • Resulting data types

    • Data analysis strategies

Quantitative Research

  • Focuses on generating numerical data to answer specific research questions.

  • Suited for theory testing, variable measurement, and group comparison.

  • Importance of validity in conclusions applicable to broader populations.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

  • Objective in nature.

  • Utilizes large sample sizes and statistical data analysis.

Qualitative Research

  • Involves the generation and interpretation of non-numerical data.

  • Common data sources include open-ended interviews and direct observations.

  • Focuses on understanding participants’ meanings and experiences.

Qualitative Research Characteristics

  • Conducted in natural settings of participants.

  • Themes emerge from the data; sample sizes are smaller than quantitative studies.

Mixed Methods Research

  • Combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

  • Can prioritize either quantitative or qualitative methods.

  • May involve simultaneous or sequential designs for comprehensive understanding.

Components of a Research Design

  • The research approach is linked inherently to the methods employed.

  • Decisions made in planning and designing a research study are critical.

Philosophical Worldview Impacts

  • A researcher’s philosophical worldview influences beliefs about truth and knowledge.

  • Key concepts: Ontology and Epistemology.

Ontology & Epistemology

  • Ontology: Belief regarding the nature of truth and reality.

  • Epistemology: Belief about how knowledge of truth and reality is acquired.

Research Philosophical Worldviews

  • Creswell identifies four philosophical worldviews:

    • Postpositivism (Objective truth, relies on scientific method)

    • Constructivism (Multiple realities, socially constructed meaning)

    • Pragmatism (Solutions-oriented, incorporates various methods)

    • Transformative (Link with politics, focus on change)

  • Two-eyed seeing provides an inclusive framework integrating Indigenous knowledge with Western practices.

Summary of Philosophical Worldviews

  • Postpositivism: Objective reality, scientific method focus.

  • Constructivism: Subjective, acknowledges individual experiences.

  • Pragmatism: Practical applications, no single reality.

  • Transformative: Advocates for social reform and participant collaboration.

  • Two-Eyed Seeing: Balances Indigenous and Western knowledge systems.

Check Your Understanding

  • Why is the research process crucial in kinesiology?

  • What are the key characteristics of the three research approaches and five philosophical worldviews?