All of AP world history review

77:

East Asia- China, Korea, japan
Song china
Civil service exam: test people took to determine their placement in the Chinese imperial bureaucracy
Mandate of heaven: The gods allow you to rule as long as things are going good
Filial piety: Confucian belief in respecting elders
Champa rice: Fast-growing strain of rice, increase in population growth in China
Grand Canal: connected 2 major waterways in china and allows trading from south to north
Song economy: trading with everyone

The Turks are the next generation of Islamic State
Math: Algebra and trigonometry originated in Dar al Islam
Literature: A’ishah al-Ba’uniyah is the most prolific Islamic female writer before the 20th century
Medicine: fundamental foundation to our understanding of medicine and disease
Transfers: Knowledge from the ancient Greeks is now in the hands of dar al Islam

Hindu/ Buddhist states
Srivijaya is a Buddhist state in southern east asia that controls a major trade route between China and india
Bhakti movement: Hindu movement seeks a personal connection with a hindu deity
Sufism: Islamic monk

Mali: trade networtk
Islam becomes the major religion in Mali
Ethiopia: Christian
Great Zimbabwe: Traded toward the Indian ocean
Feudalism: one person grants land in return for military obligation
Serfs: slaves tied to land

Ibn Batutta traveled everywhere and documented it

The silk road
- Connects the world to China
- This led to an increase in trade in cities
- New technologies such as caravans
- Bills of exchange
- Porcelain, gunpowder, steel, Champa rice, paper, the plage
- Buddism spread to East Asia and Islam spread to South and southeast Asia

The Mongols
- Second largest empire
- Khanates
  - Regions ruled by Mongol descendants after the death of Gangish Khan
- Caliphates
  - Islamic states ruled by the successor to the prophet Muhammad; the caliph
- Sultanates
  - Islamic ruler who rules the area but does not claim to be the leader of that fate
- Shogunates
  - When a Japanese general unites a large section of Japan and rules it
- Mongols made a safer and more connective trade network

Indian ocean trade
- Swahilli- created from the bantu languages and arabic
  - Africa access points the Indians ocean trade
- Cultural transmition
- Bigger ship designs
- Compass
- States grow due to trade
- Monsoon winds are predictable
- Diaspora- people who are from that land but not living there

Tran-saharan trade route
- Trade routed lead to large trade cities
- Camel saddles allow more volume of trade
- Caravans
- Gold and salt
- Mostly Islamic states

cultral/enviromental consequences
- Post classical cities
  - Timbuktu
    - Malian capital along transsaharan trade routes
  - Venice
    - Italian city state that served as an entry point to europe
  - Cairo
    - Capital of malmuk sultanate
  - Kashgar & samarkand
    - Silk road
  - Beijing
    - Capital of china
  - Delhi
    - Heart of india and capital of the sultanate
  - Malacca
    - Part of the trading sultanate
- Sugar
- Bananas
- Citrus
- Champa rice
- Bubonic plague

Networks of exchange mvp
- Mansa musa
  - Islam played big role
  - Gold and salt
  - Ruined egypt economy
  - Brings back scholars and architects to Timbuktu

Russian Empire
- Not western
- Iven the great
  - Invaded the Mongols and kicked them out
  - One of 4 greats in Russian history
  - Married the heiress to the Byzantine Empire
  - Took the title of Tsar
- Peter the great
  - Modernized Russia with westerazation
  - Brought Russia into the early modern world
China
- The last half of the Ming dynasty
- Lost mandate of heaven
- Largest earthquake in history
- Crops are dying
- Manchus started the last dynasty(ching dynast)
  - Invaded from North China
  - Rule in a neo-cofusionist
  - Used the diarchy
    - Major positions are held by a Chinese person and a Manchu person

Ottoman Empire
- Fall of Constantinople
- Kidnapped christian children from southeast Europe, converted them to Islam and raised them in the Ottoman traditions and given high title jobs
- Rivaled with Shia savavids
- Sunni muslim
- Ottoman took in Muslims and jews after being kicked out of Spain
- Tax farming
  - Farmed out their right to tax to the highest bidder
  - To ensure a steady flow on income without having to expand bureaucracy
Safavids
- Shia Muslims
- Ottomans and Mughals bordar them (Sunni Muslims ruling over diverse empires)

Mughals
- Invaded the Delhi Sultanate
- Gunpowder empire
- Ruled over a massive population of Hindus
- Religious tolerance
  - Ahkbar the great
- Archetecture
  - Taj mahal
- Tax collection
  - Existing elets collected taxes for them
- Hindus start fighting back
Tokogawa Shogunate
- Military shogun ruling over japan
- Shogun kicks Europe out due to Europeans converting people to christianity
- Still trade with the dutch

Russia
- Eastern Orthodox than later Russian orthodox
China
- Neo-Confucianism
Ottoman
- Sunni Muslim
Safavids
- Shi’a Muslim
Mughal
- Sunni Muslims ruling over Hindus
Tokogawa
- Shintoism
- Buddism
Protestants
- Europe
- Christians who broke away from the catholic church due to corruption
Sikhism
- India
- Combination of Hinduism and Islam

Akhbar the Great
- Mughal empire ruler
- Tripped size and wealth of the empire
- Religious tolerance
- Took from different belief systems to create a religion and form religious unity

Technological innovations
- New tools
  - Compass
  - Astrolabe
- Wind patterns
- Ship designs
  - taken form greeks or dar al Islam
  - Caravels
    - Allows to sail into the wind
  - Caracs
    - Cargo ships
  - Flouts
    - costed half the price to build and carried twice the cargo

Trans oceanic interconnections
- Trading post empire
  - In africa and asia
  - Trading post
- Portuguese empire
  - Africa into the indian ocean
  - Into brazil
- Spain
  - Columbus to the new world
  - Everything west of brazil is spanish territory
  - Controlled the philippines
- British empire
  - East coast of modern day US
  - Dominated India
- Dutch empire
  - Dutch trading company
    - Most profitable business of all time
  - Dominate indian ocean
  - Got access to Japan, spice islands, indoeasea
- France
  - Canada

Columbian exchange
- After effects of the interconnections of the world

Portugesse
- Prince henry
  - Sponsored the first voyages to attempt to circumnavigate the islamic control of the trade routes
- Far end of the networks or exchange
- Trading post empire
- First to start taking slaves back to europe
- Number one shipper of slaves
Spain
- Put native amrericans to work for them (coerced labor
- (encomienda) Took the idea of people owning labor to the state like the met’a system
  - Actual grant of labor given to a land owner
- Hacienda system
  - Private plantations where cash crops were grown for international markets
- Silver
  - Find so much silver that is causes inflation
  - Shipped silver to the philippines
- Catholicism
  - Extention of the cursades competing with Islam and protastantism
  - Latin America and the philapiness are catholic

Dutch
- VOC (Dutch east india trading company)
  - Most successive trading company of all time
  - Giving a royal monopoly on all trade in Asia
  - Lasted 2 century
  - Access to spice islands
British
- British east and west india trading company

Challenges to state power
- Queen Nanny (Jamaica)
  - British expanding into Jamaica
  - Maroons( formar slaves who’ve excaped and are now living off the land) are challenging the expansion
  - Queen Nanny is know as the leader of the Maroons
  - Her army lead a war that caused the british to sign a treaty
- Ana Nzinga(Angola)
  - Portugesse expanding
  - Tried to stop the portuguese from taking her people into slavery
  - Saved majority of her people
  - Forced the king to renounce his claims to Ndango
- Pugachev(Russia)
  - Internal challenge
  - Roman czars are being challenged
  - Cossacks(russian serfs who got fed up) challenge

The Enlightenment
- Science applied to rights as a human
- Declaration of the right of men and citizen
- Challenged monarchs and people in power

Modern revolutions
- Concept of revolution
  - Revelilion against the existing government
  - Liberalism
    - Free
- The revolutions
  - The American
  - The Haitian
  - Latin America
- Documents
  - Declaration of Independence
  - Declaration of the rights of men and the citizen
  - The Jamaican letter

Nationalism
- Forms a sense of unity
- Germany
  - Used to unify German
- Ottoman
  - Used to unify a different religious and ethnic group in the empire
- Challenges boundaries
  - Propaganda movement
    - Spanish in the Philippines
  - Maori- New Zealand

Britain started the industrial revolution
- Water ways
- Natural resources
  - Coal
  - Iron
  - Timber
- Property right
- Empire
  - Largest empire of all time
- Urbanization
  - Small town turn into cities
- Agricultural revolution
- Largest stalk market on the planet

British industrialist moved to different countries
- Government implementing reforms to modernize

Industrial revolution technology
- Coal and steam engine
- Combustion engine fueled by oil and gasoline
Second industrial revolution
- Steel
- Chemicals
- Electricity

Government's role in industrial revolution
- Muhammad Ali
  - Cotton industry
  - Tax farming
- Tsar Nicolas
  - After serfs were freed, they started working in labor building factories
- Self strengthening China
  - China brought in modern ideas of the west without the social and political ideas of the west
- Meiji restoration

Industrial economics
- Transnational businesses will emerge as new economic power houses
  - Dominant local trade routes
- HSBC
  - Largest bank in europe

Reactions to industrialism
- Government reform moments
  - The saddler reports
- Labor unions
  - Work together to improve their pay
- Marxism
  - Clashes with capitalism
- Government modernizations

Social classes
- Highlighted the disparity of the social classes
- City dwellers
  - Wealthy people in control of the means of productions
- Proleteriants
  - Working class
- Middle class
  - In control of people but still dominated by ruling classes
- Women and children
  - Now working in the factory

James watt
- Perfected the steam engine

Global economic development and economic imperialism
- Rubber
  - Rubber tree
- Guano
  - Bird poop
  - Fertilizer and gunpowder
- Developing economic relationships with a country
  - Britain made china dependable of it's opium

Migration
- Push factors
  - Famine
  - rebellion
- Pull factors
  - Job opportunities
- Irish migration to America
  - Potato famine
- Chinese migration to America/australia
  - War
- Migrant laborers
- Enclaves
  - People live near things they are familiar with
- Xenophobia
  - The dislike of people from a different country

King Leopold II (belgian Imperialist)
- Ruled belgium for 44 years
- He took personal control of the congo by promising to improve the lives of the people there
- Used the congo as his own personal rubber plantation

Shifting power after 1900
- Mexico
  - Ruled by a dictator
  - 1917 constitution
  - Went from the rule of a dictator to a constitution
- China
  - Chinese united league
    - Expel Manchu
    - Establish republic
    - Distribute land
- Russia
  - Anti semitic
  - Most deaths
  - Protest broke out
  - People turned to councils
  - Tsars fall
- Ottoman empire
  - Attempts to reform
  - WW1 caused the breaking up
  - Dismembered into mandates
  - turned into the Republic of Turkey

Causes of WW1
- Militarism
  - Advanced wepons
- Alliances
  - Any conflict that broke out meant multiple countries were going to be involved
- Imperialism
  - Competing for colonies
- Nationalism
  - Countries thought they were they were superior

Unresolved tensions after WW1
- What will become of Mexico after the death of miraro and the inviting mithlos
- What will become of the earths greatest economy when the great depression hits
- What will happen to west Africa as anti colonial sentiment rises against the french
- What will become of ireland
- What does the civil war between fasicts and rebublicans mean for the future of europe
- What will become of the weak wyamare republic established in Germany
- Whats the deal with musaline and the fascist
- Is the world safer on the League of nations
- What is going to happen to Palestine
- Is communism still happening?
- What's happening with India?
- China is in a civil war

Causes of WW2
- Unsustainable peace
  - Forced Germany to take the blame for the war
- Aggressive militarism
  - Took control and expanded their territory

Conducting WW2
- Total war
  - Governments used propaganda and nationalism
  - Dominated aspects of life
  - Totalitarian
    - Used to mobilize people to fight
  - Atomic bomb
  - Firebombing

Technology and exchange after 1900
- Communication
  - Radio
  - Telephone
  - Cellular
  - Internet
  - Automobile
  - Airplane
  - Shipping container
    - Main way of shipping goods around the world
- Energy
  - Petroleum
    - Saudi Arabia
    - Russia
    - United states
  - Nuclear power
    - 10 percent of the worlds power
- Birth control
- Agraculture
  - The green revolution
    - Norman Borlaug
    - Pesticides and chemical fertilizers
- Medicine
  - Antibiotics
  - Vaccines

Diseases after 1900
- Poverty
  - Preventable but hard to cure because of poverty
- New epidemics
  - Spanish flu
  - HIV/AIDS
  - EBOLA
- Longevity
  - Heart disease
  - Alzimers

The environment
- The greenhouse effect
- Global warming

Global economy
- Free market policies
  - Lift regulations
  - Limiting government involvement
  - China loosened restrictions
- Knowledge vs manufacturing economy
  - Knowledge
    - Jobs that deal with information rather than physical objects
    - USA
    - Finland
    - japan
  - Manufaciting
    - Producing things for sale
- Multinational corporations
  - Large companies that control production in multiple countries
    - Nestle
    - Nissan
    - Mahindra
- Economic institutions
  - Regulate or push for mutual benefit
  - Nafta
    - Removes trade berries for investment between the US, mexico and canada

Calls for reform
- Social norms
  - Un declaration of human rights
- Access
  - Not everyone had access to the same political and economical things
  - Civil rights act
- Economic equality
  - Not everyone things the new global economy is helping everyone out in an equal way
- Environmental
  - Green belt movement

Global culture
- Music
  - Reggae
    - Jamaican style music
    - Bob marley
- Film
  - Hollywood
  - Bollywood
- Social media
  - Facebook
  - Twitter
- Television
  - BBC
- Sports
  - Olympics
  - World cup
- Consumerism
  - Ebay
  - Alibaba
- Global brands
  - Coco-cola
  - Toyota

GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS & RESISTANCE TO GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS
- United nation
- World trade organization
- People see it as benefiting the rich
- Protest
  - Creating own local social media
    - webo