Unit two

AP World Unit 2 Study Guide

  1. Key Developments

    • Expansion of trade networks across Afro-Eurasia

    • Rise of empires and political systems

    • Spread of religions and cultural exchanges

  2. Trade Networks

    • Silk Roads

      • Connected Asia to Europe, facilitated trade of silk, spices, and technology.

    • Indian Ocean Trade

      • Primarily maritime trade routes connecting East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

    • Trans-Saharan Trade

      • Focused on the exchange of gold, salt, and slaves; camel caravans played a crucial role.

  3. Key Civilizations and Empires

    • Byzantine Empire

      • Preserved Greco-Roman culture; influenced Eastern Europe and the Slavic peoples.

    • Islamic Caliphates

      • Flourished through trade, cultural exchanges, and advancements in science, math, and medicine.

      • Spread of Islam through trade with Africa, Asia, and Europe.

    • Mongol Empire

      • Created the largest contiguous empire in history; facilitated trade across Asia and promoted a cultural exchange.

  4. Cultural Exchanges

    • Spread of Buddhism, Islam, and other religions along trade routes

    • Exchange of technologies such as papermaking and the compass

    • Artistic influences between cultures (e.g., architectural styles).

  5. Key Innovations

    • Advances in maritime technology (e.g., astrolabe, lateen sail) that improved navigation

    • Transportation advancements like the camel saddle and the dhow ship.