Treaties

Treaty of Versailles

  • Who: Germany

  • What:

  • Alsace and Lorraine returned to France

  • Eupen and Malmédy went to Belgium

  • North Schleswig returned to Denmark

the Saar Valley, a heavily industrialized region, was to be administered by the League of Nations for 15 years, during which France could use its coal mines: at the end of this time, a plebiscite would determine whether it should belong to France or Germany o the Rhineland, part of Germany along its border with France, was to be demilitarized,

meaning that no troops could be stationed there; this gave France the security it so badly wanted, out meant that Germany would be unable to defend this part of its border

  • much of West Prussia went to Poland, allowing t access to the sea through the 'Polish Corridor, dividing Germany from its province of East Prussia

  • the port of Merel (modern Klaipeda) went to Lithuania
    Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which Germany had gained through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, were established as independent states

  • Germany lost her African colonies, which became mandates under League of Nations supervision.

  • When: 28 June 1919

  • Where: Europe, Asia, Africa

  • Why: To pay the effects of WW1

  • Treaty of Sevres

  • Who: Turkey

  • What: Lost territory to Greece and Italy. Other parts of the former Turkish Empire were mandated to France (Syria) and Britain (Palestine, Iran and Transjordan) The treated also stated the Dardanelles were to be permanently open to all shipping.

  • When: August 1920

  • Where: Western Europe

  • Why: To pay the effects of WW1

  • Treaty of St. Germain

  • Who: Austria

  • What: Austria lost Bohemia and Moravia to Czechoslovakia. Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina to Yugoslavia. Bukovina to Romania. Galicia to Poland.
    Trentino, Istria, Trieste and parts of the South Tyrol to Italy.

  • When: September 1919

  • Where: Western Europe

  • Why: To pay the effects of WW

    Treaty of Trianon

  • Who: Hungary

  • What: Slovakia and Ruthenia were to become part of Czechoslovakia. Hungary also lost Transylvania to Romania, and Croatia and Slovenia to Yugoslavia.

  • When: August 1920

  • Where: Central Europe

  • Why: To pay the effects of WW1

  • Treaty of Neuilly

  • Who: Bulgaria

  • What: Bulgaria lost territory to Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania; Had to reduce its army to maximum 20,000 and pay reparation of over $400 million

  • When: November 1919

  • Where: Western Europe

  • Why: To pay the effects of WW1

  • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  • Who: Bolshevik government (Russia) and Germany

  • What: Russia was to lose Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Georgia and Finland - areas containing most of Russia's best farmland, raw materials and heavy industry. (lost 25% of population, 25% of industry & 90% of its coal mines)

  • When: March 1918

  • Where: Russia

  • Why: To end Prussia participation in WW1

  • 4 Power Treaty

  • Who: USA, Britain, France and Japan

  • What: The four countries agreed to respect each other's right in the Pacific and Far East, and to deal with any future disagreements by negotiation rather than military actions.

  • When: 1921-1922

  • Where: Pacific and Far East

  • Why: Reduce growing tensions in East Asia due to Japan expansion in the region;
    Tension that threatened to cause a naval arms race & possibly lead to war

    5 Power Treaty

  • Who: USA, Britain, France, Japan and Italy

  • What: Japan agreed to withdraw from some of its recently acquired Chinese territory and limit its navy to 3/5 the size of British & US navies. Western powers agreed to not develop new naval bases in Japan.

  • When: 1921-1922

  • Where: East Asia (China & Japan)

  • Why: Reduce growing tensions in East Asia due to Japan expansion in the region;
    Tension that threatened to cause a naval arms race & possibly lead to war.

  • 9 Power Treaty

  • Who: USA, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, China, Portugal and the Netherlands

  • What: Treaty guaranteed protection for China against invasion & agreed to uphold the 'open door' policy, allowing equal opportunity for all countries

  • When: 1921-22

  • Where: China

  • Why: Reduce growing tensions in East Asia due to Japan expansion in the region;
    Tension that threatened to cause a naval arms race & possibly lead to war.

  • Treaty of Lausanne

  • Who: Signed by Turkey, Britain, France, Italy and Japan

  • What: Settled borders of Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria; The treaty formally recognized the independence of the Republic of Turkey. Turkey no longer needed to pay reparations.

  • When: 24 July 1923

  • Where: Signed in Lausanne Switzerland

  • Why: To end WW1 in the Middle East and Establish borders of modern Turkey.