IV. PHYSICAL SELF ppt.pdf (Acquire) (1)

Main Ideas

Page 2: Highlights of the Chapter

  • Stages of life and physical changes in each stage

  • Influence of genetic and environmental factors on physical development

  • Factors affecting body image

  • Impact of culture on body image and self

  • Developing a positive body image

Page 3: The Physical Self

  • Definition of physical self as the body

  • Basic parts of the body: head, neck, chest, arms, legs, organs like brain, heart, lungs, etc.

  • Organs work together for body functions

Page 4: Changes in Physical Self

  • Body's ability to function changes over the years

  • Performance is least in infancy and old age

Page 5: Physical Development

  • Peak physical efficiency in early adulthood

  • Growth in childhood slower than infancy

Page 6: Adolescence

  • Begins with puberty onset

  • Characterized by rapid physical changes

  • Succession of developmental stages

  • Life span from conception to death

Page 7: Stages in Life Span

  • Outlined stages from prenatal to late adulthood

Page 10: Infancy Stage

  • Rapid growth in various aspects

  • Babies born with motor coordination and functional sensory system

  • Complete dependence on caregivers

Page 12: Early Childhood Stage

  • Ages 2 to 6

  • Rapid physical and cognitive growth

  • Loss of baby fat, engagement in physical activities

Page 14: Puberty Stage

  • Biological maturation for reproduction

  • Sequence of stages affecting skeletal, muscular, and reproductive systems

  • Slimmer appearance than preschool years

Page 15: Adolescence Stage

  • Physical changes towards maturity

  • Development of secondary sexual characteristics

  • Growth spurt, breast development, pubic hair growth

Page 16: Adolescence Stage (Boys)

  • Testicles and scrotum growth

  • Penis lengthening, voice changes

  • Pubic, armpit, leg, chest, facial hair growth

  • Wet dreams, voice changes

Page 17: Early Adulthood Stage

  • Physical maturation complete

  • Peak physical abilities

  • Changes in vision, hearing, hair, skin

Note

This chapter discusses the physical self, including stages of life, genetic and environmental influences, body image factors, and cultural impacts. It covers the body's basic parts, functions, and changes throughout life stages from infancy to early adulthood. Key developmental milestones and physical changes during infancy, early childhood, puberty, adolescence, and early adulthood are outlined, emphasizing the importance of understanding and developing a positive body image.

Elizabeth B. Hurlock's Stages in Life Span

  • Middle Adulthood (40-60)

    • Eyes lose ability to adjust to varying distances, leading to presbyopia.

    • Higher risk for eye problems like glaucoma.

    • Hearing decline, skin dries out and wrinkles more, especially around the eyes.

  • Late Adulthood or Senescence (60-death)

    • Skin loses elasticity, reaction time slows, muscle strength diminishes.

    • Decline in hearing and vision, with frequent cataracts.

    • Life expectancy varies based on factors like gender, region, and access to medical care.

Nature and Nurture Interaction

  • Nature

    • Influence of inherited characteristics on personality, growth, and interactions.

  • Nurture

    • Influence of environment, including parenting styles, surroundings, and economic factors.

Ideal Body Image

  • Body Image

    • Mental image of one's body and satisfaction with it.

  • Appearance

    • Observable traits like height, weight, skin color, etc.

  • Relation to Self-esteem

    • Body image affects self-esteem and overall well-being.

Causes of Poor Body Image

  • Parental Influence

    • Emphasis on thin ideal body leads to dissatisfaction.

  • External Factors

    • Bullying, peer pressure, and media influence contribute to body dissatisfaction.

Effects of Poor Body Image

  • Mental Health

    • Higher body dissatisfaction linked to depression, low self-esteem, and eating disorders.

  • Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and muscle dysmorphia are common disorders.

Body Modification

  • Types

    • Tattooing, body piercing, cosmetic surgery, and other forms.

  • Cultural Examples

    • Foot binding in China, scarification in Africa, lip disc insertion, and modern body modifications.

Physical Attractiveness

  • Perception

    • Aesthetically pleasing physical traits.

  • Historical Perspectives

    • Beauty standards vary across cultures and time periods.

  • Relationship with Attraction

    • Attractiveness influences initial attraction, but deeper qualities matter in long-term relationships.

Theories on Physical Attractiveness and Attraction

  • Matching Phenomenon

    • People tend to choose partners similar in physical attractiveness and other traits.

  • Physical Attractiveness Stereotype

    • Assumption that attractive people possess other desirable traits.

  • Similarity

    • Likeness