Revolution and Independence in Latin America

European Empires:1660s

  • Brazil

    • 2nd largest

    • Portuguese

  • Spain

    • largest

  • british

    • carribean territory

    • jamaica

  • France

    • western part of hispaniola- dominque

    • makes them a lot of money

  • things that happen in one colony affect everyone else too

16th-18th Century

  • new inventions led to expansion- renaissance

  • scientific revolution

    • questioning world around us

    • leads to Intellectual and Agricultural revolution

  • Intellectual- enlightenment

  • agricultural- industrial

    • concentration in cities

    • raw resources from new world are brought to europe

    • led to SLAVERY

Causes of Latin American Revolutions

  • Enlightenment Ideals

  • questioning the monarchy

  • introduce concepts

    • individual rights

    • equality

    • democracy

  • John Locke

    • social contract

      • citizens- duty to be good citizens

      • government- government should protect them

    • Life, Liberty, Property- capitalism

    • violated- right to overthrow

  • Montesquieu

    • separation of power

  • ideals similar to western thought now

  • ideas mainly in creole elite

    • read about the thinkers

    • take interest in the ideas

    • why should they be governed by a distant king/prince when they know the area\

    • some go to european school and then come back

  • started to become censored

  • start to act on ideas

    • but only to where they affect them

    • benefit them the most

Creole Discontent

  • can never be on top

    • ruled by someone who comes from europe

  • Chafe at why they can’t rule themselves

  • Economic policies

    • in spanish colony- only place to send goods is to spain

      • spain makes profit

    • important industries are state owned

      • spanish crown owns it

      • creoles can’t make a profit

  • Idea of rights make them realize they aren’t treated well

  • look for opportunities to up their standing

  • Sense of Creole nationalism

    • families dont assiociate with Spanish

American/French Revolutions

  • founding fathers were creole

  • declare independence

  • team of creoles beat the british

  • creoles look and think about doing the same thing

  • French Revolution

  • declaration of rights of man and citizen

    • declares a lot of equality

  • split in colonies

  • creoles are wary of French Revolution

    • pull away from french

  • Rain of Terror

    • Maximillian

    • guillotine

    • bunch of people got killed

Napoleonic Wars

  • Napoleon takes power

  • launches wars

  • peninsular campaign- 1808-1814

    • gonna go for spain

  • takes spain and puts his brother on the thrown

  • gives allowance for creoles to revolt

    • “not traitors”

    • “being loyal to old king

    • right to rebel

Latin American Revolutions

  • By 1826 all of latin america except for cuba and puerto Rico

Haiti

  • st dominque- richest colony

    • plantation labor- slavery

  • rural

  • 1790s- 500 slaves:30/40 thousand white:30 thousand Affranchis

    • affranchis- free slaves

    • many die to disease

  • Toussaint

    • black napoleon

    • big leader

    • affranchis

Timeline

  • 1789- French revolution

    • Affranchis petition french government for equal rights

    • whites say NO

    • grant free people with property and limited rights- slave get none

    • ended up making everyone bad

  • 1791- Slave Revolts

    • start of haitian revolution

  • 1793- Radical Revolutionaries in france abolish slavery

    • spain and britain threaten to intervene

    • afraid it will spread to their colonies

    • killing of french monarchs- rain of terror

    • slaves in st dominque are considered FREE (like dobby)

    • Spain/Britain intervene and start war

      • bc monarchs were killed

    • Toussant starts with spanish- to spite france

  • 1794- Radicals lose power in France

    • toussant flips side and starts killing Spain/Britain

    • successful

  • 1797- spainsh kicked

  • 1798- british kicked

  • 1799- toussant takes power

    • napoleon invades

    • initially successful

  • 1801- extends control to whole island

    • whites can’t own property

    • Napoleon says he will reinstate slavery

  • 1802- toussant sent back to France

    • dessalines takes over

    • wins several victories

    • wins independence

  • 1803- peace settlement

    • beats Rochambeau

  • 1804- dessalines declares the Independent Republic of Haiti

    • declares himself emperor

    • orders the massacre of the remaining french in colony

      • basically all the Whites