ANATOMY CA2
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the single best answer. Indicate your answer by shading on the answer grid provided. Each question carries 1 mark.
Production of secretory materials within cells would be studied as part of the science of:
- (a) histology
- (b) cytology
- (c) developmental biology
- (d) absorption
- (e) anatomy
A fingernail is a structure belonging to what body system?
- (a) skeletal
- (b) circulatory
- (c) integumentary
- (d) lymphatic
- (e) reticuloendothelial
Which two body systems are regulatory?
- (a) endocrine
- (b) nervous
- (c) muscular
- (d) skeletal
- (e) circulatory
The region of the body between the head and thorax is most appropriately referred to as:
- (a) the lumbar region
- (b) the throat region
- (c) the trunk region
- (d) the cervical region
- (e) the gullet region
A person in the anatomical position would be:
- (a) lying face down
- (b) lying face up
- (c) standing erect facing forward
- (d) in a fetal position
In anatomical position, the thumb is:
- (a) lateral
- (b) medial
- (c) proximal
- (d) horizontal
- (e) superficial
Which is not one of the four principal tissue types?
- (a) nervous tissue
- (b) bone tissue
- (c) epithelial tissue
- (d) muscle tissue
- (e) connective tissue
Which is not a serous membrane?
- (a) parietal peritoneum
- (b) mesentery
- (c) visceral pleura
- (d) lining of the mouth
- (e) pericardium
The relationship between structure and function of an organ is best described as:
- (a) a negative feedback system
- (b) one in which function is determined by structure
- (c) important only during homeostasis of the organ system
- (d) nonexistent, except in certain parts of the body
Which epithelium lines alveoli?
- (a) Simple columnar
- (b) simple squamous
- (c) Simple cuboidal
- (d) pseudostratified columnar
The abdominal cavity contains:
- (a) the heart
- (b) the lungs
- (c) the spleen
- (d) the trachea
The ventral body cavity comprises all of the following cavities except:
- (a) the spinal cavity
- (b) the pleural cavity
- (c) the thoracic cavity
- (d) the pelvic cavity
- (e) the abdominal cavity
The antebrachium is:
- (a) the chest area
- (b) the hand
- (c) the shoulder region
- (d) the armpit
- (e) the forearm
The foot is to the thigh as the hand is to:
- (a) the brachium
- (b) the shoulder
- (c) the palm
- (d) the digits
Which term best defines the position of the knee relative to the hip?
- (a) lateral
- (b) medial
- (c) distal
- (d) posterior
- (e) proximal
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by:
- (a) the mediastinum
- (b) the abdominal wall
- (c) the sternum
- (d) the abdominal septum
- (e) the diaphragm
Long-distance regulation is accomplished via bloodborne chemicals known as:
- (a) blood cells
- (b) hormones
- (c) ions
- (d) motor impulses
- (e) neurotransmitters
Which serous membrane would be cut first as a physician removes an infected appendix?
- (a) parietal peritoneum
- (b) dorsal mesentery
- (c) visceral pleura
- (d) parietal pleura
If an anatomist wanted to show the structural relationship of the trachea, esophagus, neck muscles, and a vertebra within the neck, which body plane would be most appropriate?
- (a) sagittal plane
- (b) coronal plane
- (c) transverse plane
- (d) vertical plane
- (e) parasagittal plane
Which pairing of directional terms most closely approximates opposites?
- (a) medial and proximal
- (b) superior and posterior
- (c) proximal and lateral
- (d) superficial and deep
- (e) bilateral and ipsilateral
A lung is located within:
- (a) the mediastinal, pleural, and thoracic cavities
- (b) the thoracic, pleural, and ventral cavities
- (c) the peritoneal, pleural, and thoracic cavities
- (d) the pleural, pericardial, and thoracic cavities
- (e) none of the preceding
Which of the following serous membrane combinations lines the diaphragm?
- (a) visceral pleura-visceral peritoneum
- (b) visceral pleura-parietal peritoneum
- (c) parietal pleura-parietal peritoneum
- (d) parietal pleura-visceral peritoneum
What is the proper sequence of body cavities or areas traversed as blood flows from the heart to the uterus through the aorta and the uterine artery?
- (a) thoracic, pericardial, pelvic, abdominal
- (b) pericardial, mediastinal, abdominal, pelvic
- (c) pleural, mediastinal, abdominal, pelvic
- (d) pericardial, pleural, abdominal, pelvic
The cell membrane:
- (a) encloses components of the cell
- (b) regulates absorption
- (c) gives shape to the cell
- (d) does all of the preceding
The largest structure in the cell is:
- (a) the Golgi apparatus
- (b) the nucleus
- (c) the ribosome
- (d) the mitochondrion
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?
- (a) lysosome
- (b) ribosome
- (c) mitochondrion
- (d) Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?
- (a) smooth ER
- (b) Golgi apparatus
- (c) nodular ER
- (d) rough ER
Engulfing of solid material by cells is called:
- (a) pinocytosis
- (b) phagocytosis
- (c) active transport
- (d) diffusion
The cell membrane is a "sandwich" of:
- (a) lipid-protein-lipid
- (b) lipid-lipid-protein
- (c) protein-protein-lipid
- (d) protein-lipid-protein
The function of the Golgi apparatus is:
- (a) packaging of material in membranes for transport out of the cell
- (b) production of mitotic and meiotic spindles
- (c) excretion of excess water
- (d) production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
The function of mitochondria is:
- (a) packaging of materials in membranes for transport out of the cell
- (b) conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP
- (c) excretion of excess water from the cell
- (d) synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized in:
- (a) the nucleus, under the direction of DNA;
- (b) the cytoplasm, under the direction of the centrioles;
- (c) the centrioles, under the direction of DNA;
- (d) the Golgi apparatus, under the direction of DNA.
Chromosome duplication takes place during:
- (a) telophase
- (b) interphase
- (c) metaphase
- (d) anaphase
The two daughter cells formed by mitosis have:
- (a) identical genetic constitutions
- (b) exactly half as many genes as the parent cell
- (c) the same amount of cytoplasm as the parent cell
- (d) none of the preceding
Epithelia are involved in all the following except:
- (a) protection
- (b) secretion
- (c) connection
- (d) absorption
- (e) excretion
Which of the following is not a type of epithelium?
- (a) simple squamous
- (b) transitional
- (c) simple ciliated columnar
- (d) complex stratified
- (e) pseudostratified ciliated
Classification of epithelia is based on the number of layers of cells and on:
- (a) shape
- (b) staining properties
- (c) size
- (d) location
- (e) ratio of living to nonliving cells
The presence of a basement membrane is typical of most:
- (a) epithelial tissues
- (b) connective tissues
- (c) nervous tissues
- (d) muscle tissues
- (e) cartilage tissues
Simple squamous epithelium is not found in:
- (a) blood vessels
- (b) the lining of the mouth
- (c) lymph vessels
- (d) alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
- (e) linings of body cavities
Goblet cells are a type of:
- (a) multicellular gland
- (b) intracellular gland
- (c) unicellular gland
- (d) intercellular glands (salivary gland)
An example of a holocrine gland is:
- (a) a sweat gland
- (b) a salivary gland
- (c) a pancreatic gland
- (d) a sebaceous gland
An exocrine gland in which a portion of the secretory cell is discharged with the secretion is termed:
- (a) apocrine
- (b) merocrine
- (c) endocrine
- (d) holocrine
The inability to absorb digested nutrients may be due to damage of which type of epithelium?
- (a) ciliated columnar
- (b) simple columnar
- (c) simple squamous
- (d) simple cuboidal
- (e) stratified squamous
Which word combination applies to stratified squamous epithelium?
- (a) mesoderm-calcification
- (b) ectoderm-keratinization
- (c) mesoderm-ossification
- (d) endoderm-cornification
Which statement best describes connective tissue?
- (a) It is derived from endoderm and secretes metabolic substances.
- (b) It is derived from mesoderm and conducts impulses.
- (c) It is derived from mesoderm and contains abundant matrix.
- (d) It is derived from ectoderm and is usually layered.
An infection would most likely increase phagocytic activity in:
- (a) elastic tissue
- (b) transitional tissue
- (c) adipose tissue
- (d) reticular tissue
- (e) collagenous tissue
Cartilage tissues are generally slow to heal following an injury because:
- (a) cartilage is avascular
- (b) cartilage does not undergo mitosis
- (c) the matrix is semisolid
- (d) chondrocytes are surrounded by fluids.
Which of the following is not a specialized type of cell found in connective tissues?
- (a) lymphocyte
- (b) macrophage
- (c) goblet cell
- (d) mast cell
- (e) fibroblast
The function of dense regular connective tissue is:
- (a) elastic recoil
- (b) binding and support
- (c) encapsulation of blood vessels
- (d) articulation.
Phagocytosis is a function of which type of connective tissue?
- (a) cartilage
- (b) loose fibrous
- (c) elastic
- (d) reticular
- (e) adipose
Adipose tissue forms:
- (a) only during fetal development
- (b) throughout life
- (c) mainly during fetal development and the first postpartum year
- (d) mainly at puberty.
Intervertebral discs are composed of:
- (a) elastic connective tissue
- (b) elastic cartilage
- (c) hyaline cartilage
- (d) fibrocartilage.
Intercalated discs are found in:
- (a) cardiac muscle tissue
- (b) movable joints
- (c) the vertebral column
- (d) bone tissue
- (e) hyaline cartilage.
Tissue (interstitial) fluid would most likely be found in:
- (a) loose connective tissue
- (b) nervous tissue
- (c) adipose tissue
- (d) bone tissue
- (e) muscle tissue.
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
- (a) production of blood cells
- (b) storage of minerals
- (c) storage of carbohydrates
- (d) protection of vital organs.
Mitosis resulting in elongation of bone occurs at:
- (a) the articular cartilage
- (b) the periosteum
- (c) the epiphyseal plate
- (d) the diploë.
Which hormone-bone cell combination may result in osteoporosis?
- (a) adrenal cortisol-osteoclast
- (b) estrogen-osteoblast
- (c) thyroid hormone-osteoclast
- (d) thyrocalcitonin-osteoblast
- (e) Both adrenal cortisol and osteoclasts break down bone tissue.
Synovial fluid that lubricates a synovial joint is produced by:
- (a) a meniscus
- (b) the synovial membrane
- (c) a bursa
- (d) the articular cartilage
- (e) the mucous membrane.
A flattened or shallow articulating surface of a bone is called:
- (a) a tubercle
- (b) a fossa
- (c) a fovea
- (d) a facet.
Which type of cartilage is associated with endochondral bone formation?
- (a) costal
- (b) hyaline
- (c) fibroelastic
- (d) articular.
Which suture extends from the anterior fontanel to the anterolateral fontanel?
- (a) coronal suture
- (b) lambdoid suture
- (c) squamous suture
- (d) longitudinal suture.
A facial bone that is not paired is:
- (a) the maxilla
- (b) the lacrimal bone
- (c) vomer
- (d) the nasal bone
- (e) the palatine bone.
Hematopoiesis would most likely take place in:
- (a) the hyoid bone
- (b) a vertebra
- (c) the maxilla
- (d) the scapula.
Which of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?
- (a) hyoid bone
- (b) sacrum
- (c) sphenoid bone
- (d) clavicle
- (e) manubrium.
The optic foramen is located within:
- (a) the ethmoid bone
- (b) the occipital bone
- (c) the palatine bone
- (d) the sphenoid bone.
An example of a gliding joint is:
- (a) the intercarpal joint
- (b) the radiocarpal joint
- (c) the intervertebral joint
- (d) the phalangeal joint.
The superior and middle conchae are bony structures of which bone?
- (a) palatine bone
- (b) nasal bone
- (c) ethmoid bone
- (d) maxilla.
Which of the following bones does not contain a paranasal sinus?
- (a) frontal bone
- (b) ethmoid bone
- (c) vomer
- (d) sphenoid bone
- (e) maxilla.
Teeth are supported by:
- (a) the maxillae and mandible
- (b) the mandible and palatine bones
- (c) the maxillae and palatine