contact dz
Disease | Symptoms | Causative Agent | Characteristics | Prevention | Diagnosis | Treatment | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trachoma | Conjunctivitis, scarring, inward curling of eyelashes, corneal cloudiness, potential blindness | Chlamydia trachomatis (serotype) | Gram-negative, coccobacillus, obligate intracellular parasite; Elementary Bodies (infectious) and Reticulate Bodies (replicating) | Handwashing, vector control | Primarily clinical based on symptoms | Surgery and antibiotics | Predisposing factors: unsanitary conditions, overcrowding, common among children; transmitted via hand-to-eye contact with discharge, contaminated items, sandflies |
Gonorrhea | Men: Painful urination, yellow discharge, possible epididymitis; Women: Often fewer symptoms but can result in PID | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Gram-negative bacterium, diplococcus with a capsule and fimbriae | Education and safe sex practices | Urine tests or swabs; PCR and culture methods | Antibiotics (Ceftriaxone injection, Azithromycin orally) | Attaches to epithelial mucosa using fimbriae; untreated can lead to systemic infections (endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis) |
Genital Chlamydia | Men: Urethritis (painful urination and clear discharge); Women: Often asymptomatic, can result in PID | Chlamydia trachomatis (different serotype from Trachoma) | Obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium | Education and safe sex practices | Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) - PCR on vaginal or urine samples | Antibiotics (Azithromycin) | Primarily transmitted through sexual contact |
Syphilis | Primary: Painless sore (chancre); Secondary: Skin rashes (especially on palms and soles); Latent: No symptoms; Tertiary: Gummas, arthritis, cardiovascular, neurological problems | Treponema pallidum | Gram-negative, spiral-shaped spirochete bacterium | Education and safe sex practices | Serological testing (direct/indirect methods) | Antibiotics effective in early stages | Progresses through multiple stages |
Trichomoniasis | Men: Mostly asymptomatic, possible urethral discharge; Women: Frothy, foul-smelling discharge, painful urination | Trichomonas vaginalis | Protozoan parasite from Kingdom Protista | Education and safe sex practices | Microscopic identification of organism from swabs | Antiprotozoal drugs (Metronidazole) | Affects both genders |
Genital Herpes | Painful vesicles on genitals; heals in about 2 weeks | Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) | Enveloped, DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family | Education and safe sex practices | Culture or PCR methods | Antiviral medications (Acyclovir) | Incurable; primary infections lead to recurrent symptoms |
Hepatitis B | Mild to severe | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | Enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus | Vaccination; education and safety handling | Null | Management only, including antivirals and potential liver transplant | Transmitted via sexual contact, needlestick injuries |
Hepatitis C | Often asymptomatic; risk of chronic infection leading to severe liver damage | Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) | Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus | No vaccine; education and safety handling | Null | Management only, including antivirals and potential liver transplant | Primarily transmitted through blood (IV drug use, transfusions); not an STD |
HIV/AIDS | Stages from asymptomatic to full-blown AIDS, with specific opportunistic infection risks at advanced stages; CD4+ T cell depletion | HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) | Retrovirus, affects CD4+ T cells | No vaccine; safe practices (safe sex, avoiding contaminated needles) | Null | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress viral load (e.g., HAART, Fusion/Cell Entry Inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Integrase Inhibitors, Protease Inhibitors) | Initial recognition of AIDS in 1981, HIV identified in 1983; transmitted via sexual contact, contaminated needles, breast milk, transplacental; not exclusively transmitted through sexual contact |