civics
Chapter 13 Review Questions
What powers does the president have and how are they limited by the other branches?
Appointment or Removal of key executive branch officials
Issuing executive orders
Maintaining executive privilege
Granting Pardons, reprieves or amnesty
Legislative Branch: holds oversight hearings to make sure executive branch upholds the law, can use the power of the purse to defund presidential goals, Senate approves presidential appointments
Judicial Branch: can declare presidential actions unconstitutional (like executive orders), has final say over the legality of executive actions
List all 8 roles of the president and provide an example of each:
Chief of State
Example: Ceremonial Leader
Greets the British Royal Family at Buckingham Palace.
Chief Citizen
Example: FDR gives fireside chats to relate to the people and update them on the state of the government.
Chief Diplomat
Example: Bush holds a summit with the leaders of Mexico and Canada to address border concerns.
Chief Manager of the Economy
Example: The Office of Management and Budget helps the president draft a budget proposal for Congress.
Chief of Party
Example: Obama (D) campaigns for Biden (D) after his second term is finished.
Chief Executive
Example: BIG BOSS
Gerald Ford pardons Nixon.
Chief Legislator/Policy Maker
Example: Obama introduces the Affordable Care Act to Congress and later signs it into law.
Commander in Chief
Example: Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in 1917.
3.)What makes up the president’s cabinet?
The heads (secretaries) of the executive departments.
4.)What is the cabinet’s purpose?
To advise the president on the duties related to their department.
5.) What is the purpose of the Executive of the President (EOP)?
Manages federal bureaucracy and advises the president.
5a.) Give a few examples of the offices within the EOP and their purpose:
Office of Management and Budget: Creates a budget proposal for the president based on his agenda.
National Security Council: Advises the president on foreign policy and maintaining national security.
6.) What are some jobs of the White House Staff? (List role title and job description)
Press Secretary: speaks to the public and press on behalf of the president.
Chief of Staff: president’s top aide, have to get through them to see the president,
Also speechwriters and other important advisors that help the president’s daily operations.
7.) What did the 22nd amendment do?
Limited the president to two terms.
8.) What is the line of succession established in the 25th amendment?
Vice President, Speaker of the House, President Pro Tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State, all other secretaries in order of the creation of their department.
9.) How has presidential power changed over time?
It has gradually expanded over the years.
9.) When does the power tend to change?
Times of crisis (i.e. Lincoln during the Civil War).
Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy goal
Explanation
Protecting security
Ensuring national security is central to the foreign policy of every nation.
Creating armed forces
Forming military alliances with other
nations.
Identifying other threats (domestic terrorism)
Preserving peace
U.S, seeks peace by supporting work of United Nations.
U.S. officials work to mediate disputes that have / might lead to armed conflict.
Promoting prosperity
U.S. government seeks to protect the right of Americans to buy and sell goods to and from other countries.
Patents & copyrights
It also tries to secure resources from other parts of the world.
Globalization: trend toward more open, less restricted trade and communication among the world’s nations
Pursuing humanitarian ideals
U.S. foreign policy is often driven by the goal of advancing humanitarian ideals around the world.
Promoting freedom / democracy / rule of law
Ending poverty
Promoting Human Rights
The U.S. government does this by:
Sending aid to other countries to help bring up the standard of living
Assisting in elections to ensure they are fair
Name_____________________________
Realism vs Idealism
Objective: Analyze the different traditions in US foreign policy.
Unit 3 The President At Home & Abroad Name ______Ms. Tapp :)________________
Chapter 13 pt. 3: Limits to the President & E.B. Organization
LT3. What limits are placed upon presidential power?
LT4. How is the executive branch organized?
What limits are placed upon presidential power?
Congress Supreme Court
Reject president’s legislative agenda
Refuse to ratify treaties, confirm presidential appointments, to fund president’s programs
Impeach the President
Declare actions; such as executive orders, unconstitutional
How is the executive branch organized?
What is Bureaucracy? What is a bureaucrat?
Definition:
Large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of the federal government
Definition:
civil servants who work for the Federal Bureaucracy (government)
White House Staff
Description:
Consists of about 400 people
Provide guidance and advice on issues
Examples:
Chief of Staff
Susie Wiles
President’s most loyal aid
“Gate-keeper”—controls who talks to president and who does not
Also: press secretary, staff secretary, and white house counsel
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
Description:
Mostly Support Staff
About 1,800 employees
Perform 11 varieties of specialized tasks for President
Examples:
Office of Management and Budget—aids president in developing budget proposal to Congress
National Security Council (NSC)—advises president on foreign and defense policy
Executive Departments
Description:
Carry out work of government in 15 areas of public policy
President’s “cabinet”
Examples:
Independent Agencies
Description:
Independent establishments are created by Congress to address concerns that go beyond the scope of ordinary legislation.
These agencies are responsible for keeping the government and economy running smoothly.
Examples:
Regulatory Commissions
Description:
Independent of all three branches
Impartial
Appointed by the president, approved by the Senate
Unlike Bureaucrats, They do not report to the president and cannot be fired or removed by president
Impact our daily lives
Examples:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Unit 3 The President At Home & Abroad
Chapter 13 pt. 2: Roles of the President
Learning Target: How can a president assert power as head of the executive branch?
Chief Executive
Description:
Presides over the federal agencies and organizations that carry on the daily business of government
Utilizes the powers of the executive
Example:
Trump appointed Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court after the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsberg
WE WILL FILL IN THIS PART FIRST
Appointments
Executive Orders
Executive Privilege
Pardons, Reprieves, Amnesty
President appoints people to fill top posts in the executive branch
Senate must approve: federal judges, ambassadors, top military advisors, cabinet members
President can remove them at any time
Except Supreme Court Justices (must be impeached.
A formal rule or regulation signed by the president
has the effect of a law
congress does not need to approve
Allows president to avoid debate & opposition
President can withhold information from congress or a court to protect internal discussions & deliberations of the W.H.
US v. Nixon (1974): establishes right to executive privilege, but sets limits
Implied power
Pardon: release from punishment (allows the president to forgive someone for a violation of federal law)
Reprieve: a postponement of punishment
Amnesty: a blanket pardon
Chief Diplomat
Description:
Foreign Policy Leader- formulates the nation’s plans and procedures for dealing with other countries.
Diplomacy- the art of negotiating with foreign countries
Examples:
Negotiates treaties
2/3 Senate Vote to approve
Executive Agreements: Agreements between President and Foreign Governments
Ex: NAFTA - North American Free Trade Agreement (1993-Clinton)
Diplomatic Recognition: Recognizing the legitimacy of a foreign country
Ex: Harry Truman recognized Israel in 1948
Commander in Chief
Description:
Commander in Chief: Head of Armed Forces
Responsible for operations of U.S Military & overall security of the nation
Example:
President has called out the armed forces over 200 times (executive orders)
Example: the Iraq War 2002
Chief of State
Description:
Ceremonial Leader
Examples:
Represents the nation at official functions at home & abroad
Example: Clinton and family meet the Queen
Promote national spirit
Example: Trump pardons a turkey on Thanksgiving
Chief of Party
Description:
Presidents help members of their party get elected or appointed to office
Example:
They make campaign speeches needed for re-election.
Head of fundraising for the party.
Example: Donald Trump held a number of rallies before the last election and his campaign spent $6 million on advertising, in a widening effort to defend Republican majorities in Congress.
Chief Policymaker (Legislator)
Description:
Congress has the power to make laws, but the president can propose bills and must sign bills into law.
Often calls members of Congress to lobby for his agenda.
Presents his agenda to Congress in the annual State of the Union address.
Example:
Obama signs the Affordable Care Act, a bill proposed by him and a major plank of his agenda.
Chief Manager of the Economy
Description:
No formal power over the economy but works with Congress to write the federal budget.
Appoints members to the FED
FED controls money supply and keeps economy growing
Example:
Trump appoints Jerome Powell as Chairman of the FED.
Chief Citizen
Description:
Represent the people
Work for the public interest
Examples:
George Bush holds up a baby while working a crowd of his constituents
FDR uses fireside chats to speak with the American people about how he plans to end the Great Depression