Vocabulary list-Spring 2025

Week 1

Unit 1 Lesson 1 (Listening)

Capacity: The maximum amount or number that can be received or contained; cubic contents; volume.
Height: Extent or distance upward.
Vertical: Upright position.
Weight: The amount a thing weighs (how heavy it is).

Unit 1 Lesson 2 (Reading)

Component: A separately made part of a device or piece of equipment.
Condition: Situation and state.
Design (v): To work out the structure or form of (something), as by making a sketch, outline, pattern, or plans.
Drawing: Detailed picture.
Sketch: Rough drawing or outline.
Materials: What a product is made of.
Model: Small-scale version of a product.
Prototype: A full-scale model or early version of the product.
Regulation: Rules.
Specification: Description of what the product will be like.

Unit 1 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Alloy: A metal which is made by mixing two or more liquid metals together.
Composite (adj): Made up of disparate or separate parts or elements; compound.
Brittleness: A property of materials which means they break into pieces easily when hit.
Corrode (v): To eat or wear away gradually.
Density: The mass (or weight) of a material contained in a specific volume or space.
Ductility: The ability of a material to be drawn into wire or threads.
Elasticity: The ability of a material to regain its original shape after stretching or compression.
Electrical resistivity: The property of preventing the flow of electricity through a material, measured in ohms.
Malleability: The ability of a material to change its shape without cracking.
Melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
Property: Characteristic.
Thermal/electrical conductivity: The ability of a material to carry electricity or heat well.
Toughness: The ability of a material to withstand strikes without breaking.
Transparent (adj): Easily seen through.

Unit 1 Lesson 4 (Listening)

Adhesive (adj): Sticky; coated with glue.
Commercial: Made for selling (profit).

Unit 1 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Fuselage: The central body of an aircraft without the wings and the tail.
Air brake: A hinged surface, lowered from the aircraft when it is landing to slow the plane by increasing air resistance.
Display panel: A separate panel in the cockpit which holds flight information instruments and warning lights.
Ejection seat: A seat in a military aircraft which can be shot quickly out of the aircraft in an emergency with the crewman still sitting in it.
Foreplane: Small stabilizing wings attached to the nose of jet fighters and missiles.
Retractable (adj): Can be withdrawn or taken back.
Starboard: The right-hand side of the aircraft.
Port: The left-hand side of the aircraft.
Radar: Equipment which sends very high-frequency radio signals to display the location and direction of a flying aircraft on a radar screen.

Unit 1 Lesson 8 (Reading)

Alternative (adj): Substitute; replacement.
Hangar: A large building used to build, store, repair aircrafts.
Manufacture (v): To produce something industrially or mechanically.

Week 2

Unit 2 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Hand tool: A tool that is operated by hand (manually).
Blade: The flat cutting part of a tool.
Sharp (adj): Having a thin cutting edge or a fine point; well-adapted for cutting or piercing.
Handle: A part of a thing made specifically to be grasped or held by the hand.
Hammer: A tool consisting of a solid head, usually of metal, with a handle, used for beating metals, driving nails, etc.
Hammer (v): To beat with a hammer.
Pliers: Small pincers with long jaws, for bending wire, holding small objects, etc.
Saw: A tool or device for cutting, typically a thin blade of metal with a series of sharp teeth.
Saw (v): To cut or divide with a saw.
Screw (n): A metal fastener with a sharp edge and spiral-shaped thread, topped with a slotted head.
Screw (v): To fasten, tighten using a screwdriver.
Screwdriver: A hand tool for turning a screw.
Vice: A device that has two jaws that may be brought together or separated; used to hold an object firmly while work is done on it.
Jaw: The moving part of a tool.
Bend (v): To force (an object, especially a long or thin one) from a straight form into a curved one.
Calibrate (v): Adjust.
Grip (v): To grasp; to hold firmly.
Measure (v): Check the size, volume, power, etc.
Sharpen (v): To make sharp.
Tighten (v): To make tight.

Unit 2 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Accuracy: Precision, exactness, correctness.
Axis/axes: The line about which a rotating body, such as the earth, turns.
CNC (computerized numerical control): Machine tools, lathes, drills…etc., which are controlled by signals from a computer.
Tolerance: The difference between the maximum and minimum acceptable dimensions: the upper and lower limits.
Versatile (adj): Adaptable, can be used for more than one thing.
Skin: The covering surface of the main body.

Unit 2 Lesson 5 (Reading)

Lathe: A machine for shaping wood, metal, or other material by means of a rotating drive which turns the piece being worked on against changeable cutting tools.
Bow: A curved piece of wood joined at both ends by a stretched string.
Pole: A long, slim, rounded piece of wood or metal, typically used with one end placed in the ground as a support for something.
Treadle: A lever worked by the foot and imparting motion to a machine.
Crank: A part of shaft bent out for converting reciprocal to circular motion and vice versa.
Reciprocal (adj): A repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion.

Unit 2 Lesson 6 (Reading)

Longitudinal (adj): Extending in the direction of the length of a thing; running lengthwise.
Saddle: The metal block which supports the tool and moves longitudinally between the headstock and the tailstock.
Bed: The main body of the lathe.
Tailstock: The movable block at the right-hand end of the lathe which is used to support the center or hold the drill.
Headstock: The box, always to the left of the operator, containing the gears which control the spindle speed.
Lead screw: The long-threaded rod which controls the longitudinal speed of the saddle.
Spindle: The rotating shaft to which the workpiece is attached.

Unit 2 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Coating: Coverage.
Conductor: A substance, body, or device that readily conducts heat, electricity, sound, etc.
Durability: Toughness; strength; longevity.

Unit 2 Lesson 9 (Reading)

Fastening: Something that fastens, such as a clasp or lock.
Blind rivet: A rivet that can be fixed from one side of the workpiece only.
Bolt: A metal rod or pin that has a head at one end and a screw thread at the other to take a nut.
Nut: A small flat piece of metal or other material, typically square or hexagonal, with a threaded hole through it for screwing on to a bolt as a fastener.
Washer: A small flat metal ring fixed between a nut and a bolt.
Clip: A device that grips and holds tightly.
Pin: A small, thin, pointed piece of metal, used to fasten, support, or attach things.
Riveting tool: A tool used with rivets.
Titanium: Metal with a silver color, low density, high strength, and resistant to corrosion in seawater.

Week 3

Unit 3 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Landing gear: An equipment which supports the aircraft on the ground.
Propeller: Pitched blades on the front of the power plant.
Horizontal stabilizer: The horizontal surface on the tail of an aircraft.
Fin (Vertical stabilizer): The vertical surface on the tail of an aircraft.
Rudder: Used for controlling movement (about the vertical axis).
Elevators: Movable control surfaces, usually mounted on the tail, used for controlling aircraft movement.
Wings: Large surfaces which project horizontally from the main body of the plane.
Flap: Used to either increase the wing’s lift or drag.
Hinged (adj): Attached.

Unit 3 Lesson 2 (Reading)

Compression: To press together; it is the result of two opposing longitudinal forces.
Gravity: The force of attraction by which things tend to fall toward the center of the earth.
Lift: The force that raises the plane or directs it upward, opposite to gravity.
Stress: Applied pressure.
Tension: Pulling in opposing directions; opposite of compression.
Shear: It is one the forces that acts on rivets, bolts, and screws.
Torsion: It is the result of two opposite twisting forces.
Clockwise (adj): In the direction of the rotation of the hands of a clock.
Bank (v): To fly with one wing higher than the other one when turning.
Climb (v): To go up or ascend.
Dive (v): To plunge, fall, or descend through the air, into the earth.
Hover (v): To stay up in the air without moving anywhere.
Roll: Turning around the horizontal axis.

Unit 3 Lesson 5 (Reading)

Bulkhead: A wall which divides one part of the aircraft from another in order to provide extra structural strength or safety.
Frame: Eleven lateral members that are located at intervals along the length of the fuselage and maintain the shape of the aircraft.
Longeron: An important structural beam which extends along the length of the fuselage.
Ribs: A lateral beam or strut forming part of the framework of an aircraft.
Spar: Rods that run laterally through the wing and act as the main support for the wing structure.
Stringer: A thin metal strip which goes along the length of the fuselage.
External (adj): Located on the outside.
Internal (adj): Located on the inside.
Lateral (adj): Located at a side/sides.
Monocoque: A body, such as an egg, which has all the strength in the skin, without any internal reinforcement.
Semi-monocoque: An aircraft design in which both the skin and the internal frame of the aircraft carry the stress loads.

Unit 3 Lesson 6 (Listening)

Assembly: Parts connected together to form another part.
Flight control system: The electronic, electrical, and mechanical equipment used to control the movement of an aircraft in the air.
Flight test: A flight of an aircraft to see how well it functions.
Hydraulics: The science that deals with the laws controlling liquids in motion and their applications (in engineering).
Pre-flight test: To check (an aircraft) for airworthiness before flight.
Install (v): To place in position.
Splice (v): To join or unite.

Unit 3 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Bridge crane: Overhead mobile crane.
Site: The area where something is / happens.
Sub-assembly: A unit assembled separately but designed to fit with other units in a manufactured product.
Tarmac: Crushed stone + tar / used to pave airport runway.

Week 4

Unit 4 Lesson 4 (Reading)

Actuate (v): To put into motion / action; activate.
Extend (v): To stretch out; draw out to the full length.
Retract (v): To draw back within itself.
Indicate (v): To point out; to be a sign of; to show.

Unit 4 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Chamber: Closed space / room.
Drag (n): The longitudinal retarding force exerted by air or other fluid surrounding a moving object.
Retract chamber: The lower part of a hydraulic cylinder. When it is filled with hydraulic fluid, the piston is forced to the top of the cylinder in order to retract an attached device.
Inoperative (adj): Not working or taking effect.
Partially/fully extended (adj): Stretched or pulled out partially or in full.

Unit 4 Lesson 8 (Listening)

Aileron: A hinged part of the aircraft wing which can be raised or lowered to control the turning and rolling movement of the plane.
Joystick: The main control column of an aircraft (in the cockpit).
Pedal: A foot-operated lever used to control certain mechanisms.
Vertical axis: The line that goes through the center of the aircraft, from top to bottom.
Lateral axis: The line that goes through the sides of an aircraft, from wingtip to wingtip.
Longitudinal axis: The line which goes through the length of an aircraft, from nose to tail.
Yaw (n,v): Movement of an angle to the right or left (rotations around a vertical axis).
Pitch (n,v): The angle at which the nose of an aircraft is pointing up or down (rotations around the lateral axis).

Unit 4 Lesson 9 (Reading)

Excessive Load: A load that is beyond the usual (normal) amount.
Groove: A long, narrow cut in a hard material.
Hollow (adj): With nothing inside; opposite of solid.
Inaccessible (adj): Difficult or impossible to get into.
Pulley: A system of cables and wheels.
Torque: Turning force.

Week 5

Unit 5 Lesson 2 (Listening)

Streamlined (adj): Designed or organized to give maximum efficiency; modernized; up-to-date.
Spare part: A part that is kept in reserve for future use.

Unit 5 Lesson 4 (Reading)

Cylinder: A piston chamber in an internal-combustion engine.
Exhaust: The escape of waste gases from the rear of an aircraft or other vehicle.
Ignition: The process of initiating combustion in an engine.
Expand (v): To increase in extent, size, volume… etc.
Inlet: An entrance or opening.
Piston: A solid cylinder that fits inside another cylinder and moves under pressure to push or displace gas or liquid.
Spark plug: A small device screwed into the top of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. It produces a high voltage spark which ignites the fuel mixture in the cylinder.
Valve: A device that regulates the flow of gases, liquids, or materials, through a pipe.

Unit 5 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Turboprop engine: A type of jet engine which drives an external propeller.
Intake: The place or opening at which air or liquid is taken into the engine.
Compressor: A pump or machine that increases the pressure of a gas or vapor and decreases its volume.
Combustion chamber: An enclosed space inside a turboprop, turbofan, or jet engine where the fuel is burnt. Burning (combustion) of fuel creates hot, expanding gases which produce thrust.
Turbine: A machine for producing continuous power in which a rotor, typically fitted with vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid.

Unit 5 Lesson 8 (Listening)

Altitude: The height of the aircraft above sea level.
Efficient (adj): Performing or functioning in the best possible way.
Thrust: The force that pushes an object in a given direction.

Week 6

Unit 7 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Caution: Carefulness; being careful.
First aid: Emergency treatment given to a person.
Hazard: Risk/danger.
Mandatory (adj): Compulsory; required.
Maintain (v): Keep; preserve.
PPE: Personal protective equipment.
Prevent (v): To stop from doing something.
Prohibit (v): To forbid by authority or law.
Risk (v): To expose to the chance of injury.
Safety equipment: Equipment used for protecting from danger.
Scald (v): To burn or affect painfully with hot liquid or steam.
Sign: A posted notice bearing a command or direction.

Unit 7 Lesson 2 (Listening)

Bearings: These support a moving part in the correct position but allow it to move freely.
Fumes: Smoke-like or vaporous exhalation from substance, especially of a harmful nature.
Guard: Something that protects and prevents injury.
Switch on/off (v): To cause to stop or operate by moving a switch.
Well-ventilated (adj): Well-aired (airing is well provided).

Unit 7 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Class A fire: Fire fueled by non-metallic solid material.
Class B fire: Fire that involves flammable liquids and gases.
Class C fire: Fire that involves energized electrical wiring or equipment.
Class D fire: Fire that involves the combustion of unusual metals.
Emergency: Sudden and urgent occurrence requiring immediate action.
Film: A thin layer or coating.
Fire extinguisher: A portable device containing chemicals that can be discharged to extinguish small fires.
Residue: Something that remains after something else is used.
Color-coded (adj): Classified or distinguished with different colors.
Extinguish (v): To put out fire.

Unit 7 Lesson 4 (Listening)

Cockpit: The section of the aircraft which contains the pilot, instruments and flight controls.
Evacuation: Leaving or removing people from a place.
Intercom: An intercommunication system.
Oxygen mask: A mask used to help in breathing in case of an emergency.
Passenger cabin: The enclosed space in an aircraft for passengers.
Priority: Having more importance.
Safety inspector: A person who checks safety measures.
Service tag: A label put on equipment indicating it needs to be serviced or repaired / out of order.

Unit 7 Lesson 5 (Reading)

Fraying: When the threads at the edge of a material are loose.
Chafing: Damage caused by rubbing against other objects.
Harness: Combination of straps, bands/looped restraint, or support.
Tear: Damage caused by pulling, e.g., paper, in two directions.

Unit 7 Lesson 6 (Reading)

Extinguishing agent: An element that is used to put out a fire.
Suffocate (v): Not having enough oxygen.

Unit 7 Lesson 9 (Reading)

Drogue parachute: A parachute designed to be deployed from a rapidly moving object in order to slow the object, to provide control and stability.
Deploy (v): To come into a position ready for use.
Descent: The act or process of moving from a higher to a lower position.
Activate (v): Start; initiate.
Stabilize (v): To make or become stable (steady).
Collide (v): To strike something against another with a forceful impact; come into violent contact; crash.
Discard (v): Get rid of.

Week 8

Unit 8 Lesson 1 (Listening)

Layer: One of many levels coating (covering) a surface.
Tread: The tread of a tire or track refers to the rubber on its outside that makes contact with the road or the ground.
Bead: Tire bead is the term for the edge of a tire that sits on the wheel.
Bulge (n, v): To swell or bend outward (v); swelling (n).
Bump (v): To come more or less violently in contact with; collide with; strike.
Burst (v): To cause to break or break open suddenly and violently (like bursting a balloon).
Deflate (v): To release the air or gas from something inflated, as a balloon or tyre.
Inflated (adj): Expanded by filling with gas or air.
Flip (v): To turn over.
Skid (v): To slide along a road or other surface in an uncontrolled way.
Puncture (n, v): The act of piercing, as with a pointed instrument or object.
Foreign body: An object inside something that came from the outside, like a nail in a tyre.

Unit 8 Lesson 3 (Listening)

Burner: A device that is lighted to produce a flame.
Envelope: The part of the air balloon that is filled with hot air.
Flap: The top part of the air balloon.
Contract (v): Get physically smaller; shrink.
Decrease (v): Go down (in quantity).
Increase (v): Rise in amount.
Occupy (v): Use a space.

Unit 8 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Cooler: A device or container that decreases the temperature of something.
Draw in (v): Attract; to apply a pulling, moving, or attracting force.
Fan: A device, usually with rotating blades, that circulates currents of air.
Filter: A device for separating and removing solid particles from liquids and gases.
Hygrostat: An instrument that measures and controls the relative humidity of the air.
Mixer: A machine or device for combining and mixing substances.
Reheater: A device that heats a substance again after it has been cooled.
Coil: Pipes that are arranged in a spiral or loop design.
Thermostat: An instrument or device that regulates temperature.

Week 9

Unit 9 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Insulate (v): To protect something by covering it with a material that prevents the transfer of heat, electricity, or sound.
Dissipate (v): To gradually disappear.
Sheath: Protective covering that protects cables from hazards, such as water, oil, or corrosion.

Unit 9 Lesson 2 (Reading)

Ohm’s law: The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance of the power in the electrical circuit.
- $V = I \times R$
- $P = V \times I$
Voltage (volts): The difference in electrical potential between two points in an electrical circuit.
Current (amperes): A steady movement of energy; the flow of an electrical charge.
Resistance (ohms): The opposition of something in an electrical current passing through it, so that the current changes into heat or another form of energy.

Unit 9 Lesson 5 (Listening)

Incident: An individual occurrence or event.
Hand-propping: Moving or pushing the propeller by hand.
Taxi (v): (aircraft) to move from one place at an airport to another; for example, when moving from a terminal to the runway.
Injury: Wound; harm; damage.

Unit 9 Lesson 6 (Reading)

Operating manual: A guidebook giving detailed information about how something should be operated.
Commutator: Rotating part at the end of the shaft of a DC electric motor or generator which supplies or collects current.

Unit 9 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Antenna: A device connected to a radio receiver, which is used to send or receive signals, usually mounted on the outside of a plane.
Locate (v): To find out the exact place or position of something.
Emit (v): Produce; discharge.
Troubleshooting: Discovering why something does not work effectively and making suggestions about how to improve it.
Circuit diagram: A drawing consisting of lines and component symbols which show how an electrical device works and how its components are connected to each other.

Unit 9 Lesson 9 (Reading)

Avionics: The electronic communication, navigation, and control equipment of an aircraft.
AC: Alternating electric current that changes direction with a regular frequency.
DC: A direct electric current that flows steadily in one direction.
Dual-role: Having more than one different aspects or qualities.
Generator: Rotating machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Inverter: Electrical device that converts direct current into alternating current.
EPU (External Power Unit): Equipment which supplies electrical power to an aircraft when it is on the ground.
Isolate (v): When you remove or set apart one thing from others.

Week 10

Unit 9 Lesson 10 (Reading)

Circuit-breaker: Automatic or manual emergency switch which disconnects the electrical power supply before equipment becomes overloaded and damaged.
Fuse: A protective device consisting of a piece of conducting material which melts and disconnects a circuit when there is too much electric current flowing through it.
Relay: DC-operated electromagnetic switches which use low voltage and low current to enable heavy current and high voltage equipment to be switched on and off from a distance.
Solenoid: Electromagnets which move a metal rod in and out of a central coil.
Busbar: A large conductor with a high current capacity, used to connect specific power supply to a number of pieces of equipment.

Unit 10 Lesson 1 (Reading)

ATC (Air Traffic Control): The ground-based personnel and equipment concerned with controlling and monitoring air traffic within a particular area.
Collision: An instance of one moving object or person striking violently against another.
Attitude: The orientation of an aircraft with respect to the horizon.
Ascend (v): Rise or move up through the air; climb.
Descend (v): Move or fall downwards.

Unit 10 Lesson 2 (Listening)

Panel: A surface or section of a machine containing the controls and dials.
Indicator: A pointing or directing device, as a pointer on the dial of an instrument to show pressure, temperature, speed, etc.
Altimeter: An instrument which measures the vertical distance above sea level (the altitude) of an aircraft by means of air pressure changes or radio signals.
Gyro-compass: A direction-finding instrument which uses a gyroscope instead of a magnetic needle to indicate the direction of travel.
Turn coordinator: A flight instrument which tells the pilot how effectively and safely s/he is turning the aircraft in order to change direction.
ASI (Air Speed Indicator): An instrument that measures the speed of an aircraft relative to the surrounding air by using the difference between the pressure of still air and of moving air compressed by the craft’s forward motion.
VSI (Vertical Speed Indicator): An instrument that indicates the rate of climb or descent of an aircraft. It is also known as a Rate of Climb and Descent Indicator (RCDI).
AI (Attitude Indicator): An instrument used to reference the aircraft's pitch and bank about an artificial horizon.

Unit 10 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Analogue (adj): (instruments) Showing the magnitude (amount) of the quantity in the form of the pointer movement.
Digital (adj): Showing the values of the quantity in digital format that is in numbers, which is easier to read.

Unit 10 Lesson 4 (Reading)

Functional (adj): Working effectively; designed to be practical and useful, rather than attractive.
Malfunction: A failure to function normally.
Hardware: The machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system.
Software: The programs and other operating information used by a computer.

Unit 10 Lesson 9 (Reading)

ELT [emergency locator transmitter]: Tracking transmitters that send a signal allowing an item to be located.
GPS (Global Positioning System): A system used to find where something is located.
Grid: A network of horizontal and vertical lines over a map or radar for locating points.
Latitude: Horizontal lines that measure north-south position.
Longitude: Vertical lines that measure east-west position.
**MCC (Mission Control Centre).
RCC (Rescue Coordination Centre): A center responsible for the search and rescue operation.

Week 11

Unit 11 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Airworthy: In a good enough condition to fly safely and efficiently.
Authority: Official organization responsible for a certain area of industry.
ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization.
EASA: European Aviation Safety Agency.
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration.
Factor: Element affecting a situation or a result.
Certify (v): To mark or register something to show it has been checked and fulfills requirements for use.
Overhaul (v, n): To disassemble, check and repair completely (the process of disassembling, checking and repairing something).
Regulate (v): To control in accordance with rules.
Personnel: Staff.
Appropriate (adj): Suitable and correct.
Mandatory (adj): In accordance with a rule; obligatory; compulsory.

Unit 11 Lesson 2 (Reading)

Deactivate (v): Disable; switch/turn off.
Fasten (v): Attach; secure.
Insufficient (adj): Not enough; inadequate.
Live (adj): Active.
Lubrication: Application of some oily or greasy substance to (a machine, parts of a mechanism, etc.) in order to reduce friction.
Precise (adj): Exact; accurate.
Secure (adj): Safe; protected.

Unit 11 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Maintenance: Repairs; preservation.
Mount (v): To fix securely to a support.
Disassemble (v): Take apart.

Unit 11 Lesson 5 (Reading)

Coning: Change in the shape of the disc caused by excessive heat.
Industrial pollution: Pollution resulting from the manufacturing industry.
Lining: A covering or coating for an inside surface.
NDI [Non-Destructive Inspection]: Careful checking of a material or component without taking it to pieces or removing a sample from it.
NDT [Non-Destructive Testing]: The careful process of testing or evaluating materials, components, or assemblies without causing any type of damage to the part or system.
Occur (v): Happen; take place.
Pitting: Small holes in the surface of the metal.
Restore (v): To bring back to an original or normal condition.
Sanding: To polish or scrape with sandpaper.
Sandpaper: Heavy paper coated on one side with sand or other abrasive material and used for smoothing surfaces.
Scratch: A thin shallow cut or mark on a surface.
Wear: Damage resulting from use or age.
Wipe (v): To clean or dry (something) by rubbing with a cloth, a piece of paper, or one's hand.

Unit 11 Lesson 7 (Reading)

Castor: A small wheel that makes movement easier.
Access equipment: A mechanical device used to provide temporary access for people or equipment to inaccessible areas, usually at height.
Chassis: Structure in the form of a metal box or frame on which components are mounted.
Clearance: Permission; authorization.
Extension lead (cord): An additional piece of electric wire that you attach to another wire to make a very long one.
Jack: A device which uses gears, compressed air or hydraulic fluid to lift heavy loads.
Work cage: A working space for persons, elevated above the surrounding floor or ground.

Unit 11 Lesson 9 (Reading)

Dispose of (v): Get rid of.
Drain (v): To cause liquid in something (e.g., a container) to run out.
Abrasive (adj): Rough; scratchy.
MRO (Maintenance Repair and Overhaul): The systematic and regular inspection, repair, and parts replacement procedures to ensure that aircrafts are airworthy.
Saddle: The part that touches the lifted item on a jack.

Week 12

Unit 6 Lesson 1 (Reading)

Innovation: A new method, idea, product, etc.
Economical (adj): Using no more of something than is necessary.
Suspension: The system of springs and shock absorbers that connects a vehicle to its wheels.

Unit 6 Lesson 3 (Reading)

Serrated (adj): Having or denoting a jagged edge, saw-like.
Lanyard attachment: Cord or