CHEM170 - Final Exam Review Notes

Quick Notes

  • This review has been compacted to fit on as few pages as possible.
  • Use scratch paper or a dry erase board and peers to work out problems.
  • Include a copy of the cover sheet.

Important Concepts to Review

  • CHEM170 covers a lot of ground. The list is ordered by topic importance, with more questions expected on certain topics than others.
Primary Topics (totaling roughly 70% of Final)
  1. Nomenclature (~11% of Final)
    • Names and formulas for covalent, ionic, and acidic compounds.
    • Important to remember all polyatomic ions.
  2. Chemical Composition (~8% of Final)
    • Mass percent, molar mass, moles, atoms & mass.
    • Concepts of empirical and molecular formulas.
  3. Stoichiometry (~11% of Final)
    • Conversions: mass to moles, volume to moles, moles to moles.
    • Key topics: Limiting reagent, theoretical yield, percent yield.
  4. Solutions (~6% of Final)
    • Molarity, dilution, and conversions: volume to moles and stoichiometry.
  5. Chemical Reactions (~8% of Final)
    • Identifying precipitation, acid-base, and redox reactions.
    • Predicting products for various types of reactions: double vs. single displacement, gas evolution, combustion.
  6. Atomic Structure (~11% of Final)
    • Understanding the electromagnetic spectrum.
    • Bohr model, photons, wavelength, frequency, and energy relationship.
    • Electron configuration and orbital diagrams.
    • Periodic trends such as size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
  7. Chemical Bonding (~9% of Final)
    • Drawing Lewis structures and analyzing electronic & molecular geometry.
    • Understanding bond polarity and overall molecular polarity.
  8. Atoms & Elements (~6% of Final)
    • Composition and structure: protons, neutrons, electrons, ions, isotopes.
Remaining 30% of the Exam
  • Topics include: unit conversions, significant figures, ideal gases, heat, density, intermolecular forces, and precision & accuracy in calculations and lab equipment.

Practice Questions

General Questions
  1. What symbol represents the factor $10^{-2}$?
    • Options: a. M b. m c. i d. c
  2. Example of intensive properties?
    • a. boiling point b. height c. volume d. None of the above e. All of the above
  3. Round 442722 to four significant figures in standard exponential notation:
    • Options: a. $0.4427 imes 10^{6}$ b. 442700 c. $4.427 imes 10^{-5}$ d. $4.427 imes 10^{5}$ e. $44.27 imes 10^{4}$
  4. Round off 000507506 to four significant figures:
    • Options: a. 0051 b. 5076 c. 5100 d. $5.075 imes 10^{5}$
  5. Measurement accurately reported using a graduated cylinder with milliliter markings:
    • Options: a. 21 mL b. 21.2 mL c. 21.23 mL d. 21.232 mL
  6. Calculate $78.222 imes (12.02 - 11.52)$ to the correct number of significant figures:
    • Options: a. 39 b. 39.1 c. 39.11 d. 39.111
  7. Round 89.04997 to three significant figures:
    • Options: a. 89.03 b. 89.04 c. 89.1 d. 89.0
Conversion Questions
  1. Convert 2855 mg to kg:
    • Options: a. $2.855 imes 10^{-3}$ kg b. 2.855 kg c. 0.02855 kg d. $3.503 imes 10^{-4}$ kg
  2. An automobile travels 97.2 km on 7.88 L of gasoline. Find gas mileage in miles per gallon:
    • Given: $1$ gal = $4$ qt, $1$ qt = $0.964$ L, $1$ mi = $1.61$ km
    • Options: a. 2.02 mi/gal b. 7.67 mi/gal c. 0.034 mi/gal d. 29.0 mi/gal
  3. Convert 876.9 in³ to m³:
    • Given: $1$ in = $2.54$ cm
    • Options: a. 0.01437 m³ b. 22.27 m³ c. $5.351 imes 10^{7}$ m³ d. 0.014 m³
  4. A cube made of iron (mass 155 g, density $D_{Fe} = 7.89$ g/mL) calculate edge length:
    • Options: a. 0.0197 cm b. 1218 cm c. 19.7 cm d. 2.70 cm

Additional Questions

  • Identify a pure compound among given options (a. Gold, b. Water, c. Milk, d. Fruit cake).
  • Determine which process is endothermic: a. burning natural gas, b. metabolism of glucose, c. melting ice, d. none of the above.
  • Explore principles of Dalton’s atomic theory and identify inconsistencies from multiple choices relating to atomic properties.
  • Review the implications and meanings of various chemical laws, particularly focusing on the Law of Definite Proportions and its connection to compound creation and consistency across samples.
  • Address queries about electron configuration of specific elements and their properties regarding ionization energy and molecular geometry preferences.
  • Participate in problem-solving equations involving reactions, indicating proper balancing, stoichiometric calculations, and conversions related to gas laws and their significance in chemical reactions.
  • Hone crucial skills pertaining to identifying oxidation states, molecular shapes, and intermolecular forces, and categorizing compounds based on their bonding types.